中国物理B ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 120301-120301.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/abff1f

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Three-party reference frame independent quantum key distribution protocol

Comfort Sekga and Mhlambululi Mafu   

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-21 修回日期:2021-04-08 接受日期:2021-05-08 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-11-20
  • 通讯作者: Mhlambululi Mafu E-mail:mafum@biust.ac.bw
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the Botswana International University of Science and Technology Research Initiation (Grant Nos. R00015 and S00100).

Three-party reference frame independent quantum key distribution protocol

Comfort Sekga and Mhlambululi Mafu   

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
  • Received:2021-02-21 Revised:2021-04-08 Accepted:2021-05-08 Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-11-20
  • Contact: Mhlambululi Mafu E-mail:mafum@biust.ac.bw
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the Botswana International University of Science and Technology Research Initiation (Grant Nos. R00015 and S00100).

摘要: We present a three-party reference frame independent quantum key distribution protocol which can be implemented without any alignment of reference frames between the sender and the receiver. The protocol exploits entangled states to establish a secret key among three communicating parties. We derive the asymptotic key rate for the proposed protocol against collective attacks and perform a finite-size key security analysis against general attacks in the presence of statistical fluctuations. We investigate the impact of reference frame misalignment on the stability of our protocol, and we obtain a transmission distance of 180 km, 200 km, and 230 km for rotation of reference frames β=π/6, β=π/8 and β=0, respectively. Remarkably, our results demonstrate that our proposed protocol is not heavily affected by an increase in misalignment of reference frames as the achievable transmission distances are still comparable to the case where there is no misalignment in reference frames (when β=0). We also simulate the performance of our protocol for a fixed number of signals. Our results demonstrate that the protocol can achieve an effective key generation rate over a transmission distance of about 120 km with realistic 107 finite data signals and approximately achieve 195 km with 109 signals. Moreover, our proposed protocol is robust against noise in the quantum channel and achieves a threshold error rate of 22.7%.

关键词: three-party reference frame independent, quantum key distribution, finite-size key security

Abstract: We present a three-party reference frame independent quantum key distribution protocol which can be implemented without any alignment of reference frames between the sender and the receiver. The protocol exploits entangled states to establish a secret key among three communicating parties. We derive the asymptotic key rate for the proposed protocol against collective attacks and perform a finite-size key security analysis against general attacks in the presence of statistical fluctuations. We investigate the impact of reference frame misalignment on the stability of our protocol, and we obtain a transmission distance of 180 km, 200 km, and 230 km for rotation of reference frames β=π/6, β=π/8 and β=0, respectively. Remarkably, our results demonstrate that our proposed protocol is not heavily affected by an increase in misalignment of reference frames as the achievable transmission distances are still comparable to the case where there is no misalignment in reference frames (when β=0). We also simulate the performance of our protocol for a fixed number of signals. Our results demonstrate that the protocol can achieve an effective key generation rate over a transmission distance of about 120 km with realistic 107 finite data signals and approximately achieve 195 km with 109 signals. Moreover, our proposed protocol is robust against noise in the quantum channel and achieves a threshold error rate of 22.7%.

Key words: three-party reference frame independent, quantum key distribution, finite-size key security

中图分类号:  (Quantum cryptography and communication security)

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