[1] Anderson P W 1972 Science 177 393 [2] Kosterlitz J M and Thouless D J 1973 J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 6 1181 [3] Klitzing K V, Dorda G and Pepper M 1980 Phys. Rev. Lett. 45 494 [4] Tsui D C, Stormer H L and Gossard A C 1982 Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 1559 [5] Zhang T, Jiang Y, Song Z, Huang H, He Y, Fang Z, Weng H and Fang C 2019 Nature 566 475 [6] Vergniory M G, Elcoro L, Felser C, Regnault N, Bernevig B A and Wang Z 2019 Nature 566 480 [7] Tang F, Po H C, Vishwanath A and Wan X 2019 Nature 566 486 [8] Schindler F, Wang Z J, Vergniory M G, Cook A M, Murani A, Sengupta S, Kasumov A Y, Deblock R, Jeon S, Drozdov I, Bouchiat H, Guéron S, Yazdani A, Bernevig B A and Neupert T 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 664 [10] Aggarwal L, Zhu P, Hughes T L and Madhavan V 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 4420 [11] Nayak A K, Reiner J, Queiroz R, Fu H, Shekhar C, Yan B, Felser C, Avraham N and Beidenkopf H 2007 Science 318 766 [13] Meyer M, Schmid S, Jabeen F, Bastard G, Hartmann F and Höfling S 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 085301 [14] Reis F, Li G, Dudy L, Bauernfeind M, Glass S, Hanke W, Thomale R, Schäfer J and Claessen R 2017 Science 357 287 [15] Tang S, Zhang C, Wong D, Pedramrazi Z, Tsai H Z, Jia C, Moritz B, Claassen M, Ryu H, Kahn S, Jiang J, Yan H, Hashimoto M, Lu D, Moore R G, Hwang C C, Hwang C, Hussain Z, Chen Y, Ugeda M M, Liu Z, Xie X, Devereaux T P, Crommie M F, Mo S K and Shen Z X 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 683 [16] Wu S, Fatemi V, Gibson Q D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Cava R J and Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Science 359 76 [17] Kundu A K, Gu G and Valla T 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 33627 [18] Gao C L, Qian D, Liu C H, Jia J F and Liu F 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 067304 [19] Peng L, Xian J J, Tang P, Rubio A, Zhang S C, Zhang W and Fu Y S 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 245108 [20] Wells J W, Dil J H, Meier F, Lobo-Checa J, Petrov V N, Osterwalder J, Ugeda M M, Fernandez-Torrente I, Pascual J I, Rienks E D L, Jensen M F and Hofmann Ph 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 096802 [21] Yang F, Miao L, Wang Z F, Yao M Y, Zhu F, Song Y R, Wang M X, Xu J P, Fedorov A V, Sun Z, Zhang G B, Liu C, Liu F, Qian D, Gao C L and Jia J F 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 016801 [22] Yao M Y, Zhu F, Han C Q, Guan D D, Liu C, Qian D and Jia J 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 21326 [23] Lu Y, Xu W, Zeng M, Yao G, Shen L, Yang M, Luo Z, Pan F, Wu K, Das T, He P, Jiang J, Martin J, Feng Y P, Lin H and Wang X 2015 Nano Lett. 15 80 [24] Xu J P, Liu C, Wang M X, Ge J, Liu Z L, Yang X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xu Z A, Gao C L, Qian D, Zhang F C and Jia J F 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 217001 [25] Xu J P, Wang M X, Liu Z L, Ge J F, Yang X, Liu C, Xu Z A, Guan D, Gao C L, Qian D, Liu Y, Wang Q H, Zhang F C, Xue Q K and Jia J F 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 017001 [26] Wang M X, Liu C, Xu J P, Yang F, Miao L, Yao M Y, Gao C L, Shen C, Ma X, Chen X, Xu Z A, Liu Y, Zhang S C, Qian D, Jia J F and Xue Q K 2012 Science 336 52 [27] Qin H, Chen X, Guo B, Pan T, Zhang M, Xu B, Chen J, He H, Mei J, Chen W, Ye F and Wang G 2021 Nano Lett. 21 1327 [28] He Q L, Liu H, He M, Lai Y H, He H, Wang G, Law K T, Lortz R, Wang J and Sou I K 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4247 [29] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V and Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 [30] Sangwan V K and Hersam M C 2018 Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 69 299 [31] Wang Q H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kis A, Coleman J N and Strano M S 2012 Nat. Nanotech. 7 699 [32] Wang W, Wu X and Zhang J 2015 J. Nanomater. 2015 e198126 [33] Zhang X, Hou L, Ciesielski A and Samorí P 2016 Adv. Energy Mater. 6 1600671 [34] Jiang X H, Qin S C, Xing Z Y, Zou X Y, Deng Y F, Wang W and Wang L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 127801 (in Chinese) [35] Xiao H, Mi M J and Wang Y L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 127503 (in Chinese) [36] Freitas D C, Weht R, Sulpice A, Remenyi G, Strobel P, Gay F, Marcus J and Núñez-Regueiro M 2015 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27 176002 [37] Zhang X, Lu Q, Liu W, Niu W, Sun J, Cook J, Vaninger M, Miceli P F, Singh D J, Lian S W, Chang T R, He X, Du J, He L, Zhang R, Bian G and Xu Y 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 2492 [38] Chua R, Zhou J, Yu X, Yu W, Gou J, Zhu R, Zhang L, Liu M, Breese M B H, Chen W, Loh K P, Feng Y P, Yang M, Huang Y L and Wee A T S 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2103360 [39] Sun X, Li W, Wang X, Sui Q, Zhang T, Wang Z, Liu L, Li D, Feng S, Zhong S, Wang H, Bouchiat V, Nunez Regueiro M, Rougemaille N, Coraux J, Purbawati A, Hadj-Azzem A, Wang Z, Dong B, Wu X, Yang T, Yu G, Wang B, Han Z, Han X and Zhang Z 2020 Nano Res. 13 3358 [40] Xian J J, Wang C, Nie J H, Li R, Han M, Lin J, Zhang W H, Liu Z Y, Zhang Z M, Miao M P, Yi Y, Wu S, Chen X, Han J, Xia Z, Ji W and Fu Y S 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 257 [41] Lv H Y, Lu W J, Shao D F, Liu Y and Sun Y P 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 214419 [42] Butler S Z, Hollen S M, Cao L, Cui Y, Gupta J A, Gutiérrez H R, Heinz T F, Hong S S, Huang J, Ismach A F, Johnston-Halperin E, Kuno M, Plashnitsa V V, Robinson R D, Ruoff R S, Salahuddin S, Shan J, Shi L, Spencer M G, Terrones M, Windl W and Goldberger J E 2013 ACS Nano 7 2898 [43] Gibertini M, Koperski M, Morpurgo A F and Novoselov K S 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 408 [44] Zhang X, Ambhire S C, Lu Q, Niu W, Cook J, Jiang J S, Hong D, Alahmed L, He L, Zhang R, Xu Y, Zhang S L, Li P and Bian G 2021 ACS Nano 15 15710 [45] Nie J, Li R, Miao M, Fu Y and Zhang W 2023 Materials Futures 2 021001 [46] Qi X L, Wu Y S and Zhang S C 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 085308 [47] Qi X L, Hughes T L and Zhang S C 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 195424 [48] Nomura K and Nagaosa N 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 166802 [49] Wang J, Sun X, Du H, Ma C and Wang B 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 115407 [50] Sun J T, Huang H, Wong S L, Gao H J, Feng Y P and Wee A T S 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 246804 [51] Zhang K H L, McLeod I M, Lu Y H, Dhanak V R, Matilainen A, Lahti M, Pussi K, Egdell R G, Wang X S, Wee A T S and Chen W 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 235418 [52] He B, Tian G, Gou J, Liu B, Shen K, Tian Q, Yu Z, Song F, Xie H, Gao Y, Lu Y, Wu K, Chen L and Huang H 2019 Surface Science 679 147 [53] Jin K H, Oh E, Stania R, Liu F and Yeom H W 2021 Nano Lett. 21 9468 [54] Xi Y, Zhao M, Feng H, Sun Y, Man X, Xu X, Hao W, Dou S and Du Y 2021 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 34 074003 [55] Momma K and Izumi F 2011 J. Appl. Crystallogr 44 1272 [56] Liu J Y, Sun H H, Guan D D, Li Y Y, Wang S Y, Liu C H, Zheng H and Jia J F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 170701 (in Chinese) [57] Chen C, Song Z, Zhao J Z, Chen Z, Yu Z M, Sheng X L and Yang S A 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 056402 [58] McGuire M A 2017 Crystals 7 121 [59] Meng L, Zhou Z, Xu M, Yang S, Si K, Liu L, Wang X, Jiang H, Li B, Qin P, Zhang P, Wang J, Liu Z, Tang P, Ye Y, Zhou W, Bao L, Gao H J and Gong Y 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 809 [60] Yu W, Li J, Herng T S, Wang Z, Zhao X, Chi X, Fu W, Abdelwahab I, Zhou J, Dan J, Chen Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Lu J, Pennycook S J, Feng Y P, Ding J and Loh K P 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1903779 [61] Cui F, Zhao X, Xu J, Tang B, Shang Q, Shi J, Huan Y, Liao J, Chen Q, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Pennycook S J and Zhang Y 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 1905896 [62] Ito N, Kikkawa T, Barker J, Hirobe D, Shiomi Y and Saitoh E 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 060402 [63] Fei Z, Huang B, Malinowski P, Wang W, Song T, Sanchez J, Yao W, Xiao D, Zhu X, May A F, Wu W, Cobden D H, Chu J H and Xu X 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 778 [64] May A F, Ovchinnikov D, Zheng Q, Hermann R, Calder S, Huang B, Fei Z, Liu Y, Xu X and McGuire M A 2019 ACS Nano 13 4436 |