Ground-state phases and spin textures of spin–orbit-coupled dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in a rotating toroidal trap

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/abbbe8

中国物理B ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 116701-.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/abbbe8

Qing-Bo Wang(王庆波)¹^,², Hui Yang(杨慧)¹^,³, Ning Su(苏宁)¹, Ling-Hua Wen(文灵华)¹^,†()

收稿日期:2020-06-29 修回日期:2020-08-17 接受日期:2020-09-28 出版日期:2020-11-05 发布日期:2020-11-03

Ground-state phases and spin textures of spin–orbit-coupled dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in a rotating toroidal trap

Qing-Bo Wang(王庆波)^1,2, Hui Yang(杨慧)^1,3, Ning Su(苏宁)¹, and Ling-Hua Wen(文灵华)^{1, †}

1 Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
2 School of Physics and Technology, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
3 Department of Physics, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China

Received:2020-06-29 Revised:2020-08-17 Accepted:2020-09-28 Online:2020-11-05 Published:2020-11-03
Contact: ^†Corresponding author. E-mail: linghuawen@ysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11475144 and 11047033), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant Nos. A2019203049 and A2015203037), the University Science and Technology Foundation of Hebei Provincial Department of Education, China (Grant No. Z2017056), Science and Technology Plan Projects of Tangshan City, China (Grant No. 19130220g), and Research Foundation of Yanshan University, China (Grant No. B846).

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

We investigate the ground-state phases and spin textures of spin–orbit-coupled dipolar pseudo-spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates in a rotating two-dimensional toroidal potential. The combined effects of dipole–dipole interaction (DDI), spin–orbit coupling (SOC), rotation, and interatomic interactions on the ground-state structures and topological defects of the system are analyzed systematically. For fixed SOC strength and rotation frequency, we provide a set of phase diagrams as a function of the DDI strength and the ratio between inter- and intra-species interactions. The system can show rich quantum phases including a half-quantum vortex, symmetrical (asymmetrical) phase with quantum droplets (QDs), asymmetrical segregated phase with hidden vortices (ASH phase), annular condensates with giant vortices, triangular (square) vortex lattice with QDs, and criss-cross vortex string lattice, depending on the competition between DDI and contact interaction. For given DDI strength and rotation frequency, the increase of the SOC strength leads to a structural phase transition from an ASH phase to a tetragonal vortex lattice then to a pentagonal vortex lattice and finally to a vortex necklace, which is also demonstrated by the momentum distributions. Without rotation, the interplay of DDI and SOC may result in the formation of a unique trumpet-shaped Bloch domain wall. In addition, the rotation effect is discussed. Furthermore, the system supports exotic topological excitations, such as a half-skyrmion (meron) string, triangular skyrmion lattice, skyrmion–half-skyrmion lattice, skyrmion–meron cluster, skyrmion–meron layered necklace, skyrmion–giant-skyrmion necklace lattice, and half-skyrmion–half-antiskyrmion necklace.

Key words: Bose-Einstein condensate, dipole-dipole interaction, spin-orbit coupling, topological defects

Qing-Bo Wang(王庆波), Hui Yang(杨慧), Ning Su(苏宁), Ling-Hua Wen(文灵华). [J]. 中国物理B, 2020, 29(11): 116701-.

Qing-Bo Wang(王庆波), Hui Yang(杨慧), Ning Su(苏宁), and Ling-Hua Wen(文灵华). Ground-state phases and spin textures of spin–orbit-coupled dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in a rotating toroidal trap[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(11): 116701-.

图/表 10

参考文献 57

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Case	Ground-state phase
S₀D₀R₀T₀	Mixing phase or demixing phase^[52]
S₀D₀R₀T₁	Quantized persistent flow^[34]
S₀D₀R₁T₀	Triangular vortex lattice^[50]
S₀D₀R₁T₁	Giant vortex^[22,43]
S₀D₁R₀T₀	Rosensweig pattern^[2]
S₀D₁R₀T₁	Layer-separated symmetry preserving annular structure^[53]
S₁D₀R₀T₀	Plane-wave phase or stripe phase^[14,21]
S₁D₀R₀T₁	Necklace state^[36]
S₀D₁R₁T₀	Half-quantum vortex chain phase^[54]
S₀D₁R₁T₁	Symmetry broken separated phase
S₁D₀R₁T₀	Half-quantum vortex^[27]
S₁D₀R₁T₁	Vortex necklace with hidden giant vortex and hidden vortex necklaces^[22]
S₁D₁R₀T₀	Immiscible phase with hidden vortex, or plane-wave phase^[55]
S₁D₁R₀T₁	Petal-like separated phase with ghost vortices and antivortices in each component
S₁D₁R₁T₀	Vortex sheet
S₁D₁R₁T₁	Symmetrical (asymmetrical) phase with QDs, vortex lattice with QDs, and criss-cross vortex string lattice, etc

Ground-state phases and spin textures of spin–orbit-coupled dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates in a rotating toroidal trap

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