中国物理B ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 53301-053301.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/acb763

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Optical spectroscopy of CrO and electronic states of the Cr group metal monoxides

Lei Zhang(张磊)1,2, Yao Yu(于尧)1,2, Xinwen Ma(马新文)1,3,4, and Jie Yang(杨杰)1,3,4,†   

  1. 1 Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3 Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China;
    4 CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-09 修回日期:2023-01-29 接受日期:2023-01-31 出版日期:2023-04-21 发布日期:2023-04-21
  • 通讯作者: Jie Yang E-mail:jie.yang@impcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1602500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12027809), and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB21030900).

Optical spectroscopy of CrO and electronic states of the Cr group metal monoxides

Lei Zhang(张磊)1,2, Yao Yu(于尧)1,2, Xinwen Ma(马新文)1,3,4, and Jie Yang(杨杰)1,3,4,†   

  1. 1 Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3 Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China;
    4 CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China
  • Received:2022-11-09 Revised:2023-01-29 Accepted:2023-01-31 Online:2023-04-21 Published:2023-04-21
  • Contact: Jie Yang E-mail:jie.yang@impcas.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1602500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12027809), and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB21030900).

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摘要： All of the experimentally known electronic states of the Cr group metal monoxides (CrO, MoO, and WO) have been presented in the paper. The optical spectra of the CrO molecule have been investigated in the gas phase through a combination of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation and single-vibronic-level (SVL) emission spectroscopy in the supersonic expansion. The rotational constants of the vibronic electronic states, including ${\rm X}\,{}^{5}\Pi_{-1}$ ($v'' = 0$-3), ${\rm B}\,{}^{5}\Pi _{-1}$ ($v^\prime =0$-10), and ${\rm B}\,{}^{5}\Pi_{1}$ ($v^\prime = 1$, 5), and the vibrational constants of the spin-orbit components ${\rm X}\,{}^{5}\Pi _{-1,0,1}$ have been obtained. The molecular constants of the MoO and WO molecules have been summarized by reviewing the previous spectroscopic studies, and a comprehensive energy level diagram of the Cr group metal monoxides has been constructed. By comparing the electronic configurations, bond lengths, and vibrational frequencies of all the transition metal monoxides in the ground electronic state, the significance of the relativistic effect in the bonding of the 5d transition metal monoxides has been discussed. The related spectroscopic data of the CrO molecule are available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00085.

关键词: laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), transition metal monoxide, electronic state, molecular constant, relativistic effect

Abstract: All of the experimentally known electronic states of the Cr group metal monoxides (CrO, MoO, and WO) have been presented in the paper. The optical spectra of the CrO molecule have been investigated in the gas phase through a combination of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation and single-vibronic-level (SVL) emission spectroscopy in the supersonic expansion. The rotational constants of the vibronic electronic states, including ${\rm X}\,{}^{5}\Pi_{-1}$ ($v'' = 0$-3), ${\rm B}\,{}^{5}\Pi _{-1}$ ($v^\prime =0$-10), and ${\rm B}\,{}^{5}\Pi_{1}$ ($v^\prime = 1$, 5), and the vibrational constants of the spin-orbit components ${\rm X}\,{}^{5}\Pi _{-1,0,1}$ have been obtained. The molecular constants of the MoO and WO molecules have been summarized by reviewing the previous spectroscopic studies, and a comprehensive energy level diagram of the Cr group metal monoxides has been constructed. By comparing the electronic configurations, bond lengths, and vibrational frequencies of all the transition metal monoxides in the ground electronic state, the significance of the relativistic effect in the bonding of the 5d transition metal monoxides has been discussed. The related spectroscopic data of the CrO molecule are available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00085.

Key words: laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), transition metal monoxide, electronic state, molecular constant, relativistic effect

中图分类号:  (Visible spectra)

  • 33.20.Kf
33.20.Vq (Vibration-rotation analysis) 33.15.Mt (Rotation, vibration, and vibration-rotation constants) 36.20.Kd (Electronic structure and spectra)