中国物理B ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 97307-097307.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/aba605
Baojuan Dong(董宝娟), Teng Yang(杨腾), Zheng Han(韩拯)
收稿日期:
2020-03-23
修回日期:
2020-07-05
接受日期:
2020-07-15
出版日期:
2020-09-05
发布日期:
2020-09-05
通讯作者:
Teng Yang, Zheng Han
E-mail:yanghaiteng@msn.com;vitto.han@gmail.com
基金资助:
Baojuan Dong(董宝娟)1,2, Teng Yang(杨腾)3,4, Zheng Han(韩拯)1,2
Received:
2020-03-23
Revised:
2020-07-05
Accepted:
2020-07-15
Online:
2020-09-05
Published:
2020-09-05
Contact:
Teng Yang, Zheng Han
E-mail:yanghaiteng@msn.com;vitto.han@gmail.com
Supported by:
摘要: Two-dimensional (2D) crystals are known to have no bulk but only surfaces and edges, thus leading to unprecedented properties thanks to the quantum confinements. For half a century, the compression of z-dimension has been attempted through ultra-thin films by such as molecular beam epitaxy. However, the revisiting of thin films becomes popular again, in another fashion of the isolation of freestanding 2D layers out of van der Waals (vdW) bulk compounds. To date, nearly two decades after the nativity of the great graphene venture, researchers are still fascinated about flattening, into the atomic limit, all kinds of crystals, whether or not they are vdW. In this introductive review, we will summarize some recent experimental progresses on 2D electronic systems, and briefly discuss their revolutionizing capabilities for the implementation of future nanostructures and nanoelectronics.
中图分类号: (Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems)
董宝娟, 杨腾, 韩拯. Flattening is flattering: The revolutionizing 2D electronic systems[J]. 中国物理B, 2020, 29(9): 97307-097307.
Baojuan Dong(董宝娟), Teng Yang(杨腾), Zheng Han(韩拯). Flattening is flattering: The revolutionizing 2D electronic systems[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2020, 29(9): 97307-097307.
[1] |
Sondhi S L, Girvin S M, Carini J P and Shahar D 1997 Rev. Mod. Phys. 69 315
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.69.315 |
[2] |
Kapitulnik A, Kivelson S A and Spivak B 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 011002
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.91.011002 |
[3] |
Withers F, Del Pozo-Zamudio O, Mishchenko A, Rooney A P, Gholinia A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Haigh S J, Geim A K, Tartakovskii A I and Novoselov K S 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 301
doi: 10.1038/nmat4205 |
[4] |
Tayari V, Hemsworth N, Fakih I, Favron A, Gaufrés E, Gervais G, Martel R and Szkopek T 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7702
doi: 10.1038/ncomms8702 |
[5] |
Fang H, Bechtel H A, Plis E, Martin M C, Krishna S, Yablonovitch E and Javey A 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 11688
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1309563110 |
[6] |
Heiblum M, Fischetti M V, Dumke W P, Frank D J, Anderson I M, Knoedler C M and Osterling L 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 816
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.816 |
[7] |
Chang K, Liu J, Lin H, Wang N, Zhao K, Zhang A, Jin F, Zhong Y, Hu X, Duan W, Zhang Q, Fu L, Xue Q K, Chen X and Ji S H 2016 Science 353 274
doi: 10.1126/science.aad8609 |
[8] |
Li X, Dong B, Sun X, Wang H, Yang T, Yu G and Vitto Han Z 2019 Journal of Semiconductors 40 081508
doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/8/081508 |
[9] |
Yu Y, Ma L, Cai P, Zhong R, Ye C, Shen J, Gu G D, Chen X H and Zhang Y 2019 Nature 575 156
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1718-x |
[10] |
Wang Z, Zhang T, Ding M, Dong B, Li Y, Chen M, Li X, Huang J, Wang H, Zhao X, Li Y, Li D, Jia C, Sun L, Guo H, Ye Y, Sun D, Chen Y, Yang T, Zhang J, Ono S, Han Z and Zhang Z 2018 Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 554
doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0186-z |
[11] |
Jiang S, Shan J and Mak K F 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 406
doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0040-6 |
[12] |
Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E and Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43
doi: 10.1038/nature26160 |
[13] |
Cao Y, Fatemi V, Demir A, Fang S, Tomarken S L, Luo J Y, Sanchez-Yamagishi J D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Ashoori R C and Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 80
doi: 10.1038/nature26154 |
[14] |
Cao Y, Luo J Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Sanchez-Yamagishi J D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E and Jarillo-Herrero P 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 116804
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.116804 |
[15] |
Wang L, Gao Y, Wen B, Han Z, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Koshino M, Hone J and Dean C R 2015 Science 350 1231
doi: 10.1126/science.aad2102 |
[16] | Komatsu K, Morita Y, Watanabe E, Tsuya D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T and Moriyama S 2018 Sci. Adv. 4 eaaq0194 |
[17] |
A.Y. Cho J R A 1975 Progress in Solid State Chemistry 10 157
doi: 10.1016/0079-6786(75)90005-9 |
[18] |
Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V and Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
doi: 10.1126/science.1102896 |
[19] |
Li X, Cai W, An J, Kim S, Nah J, Yang D, Piner R, Velamakanni A, Jung I, Tutuc E, Banerjee S K, Colombo L and Ruoff R S 2009 Science 324 1312
doi: 10.1126/science.1171245 |
[20] |
Mounet N, Gibertini M, Schwaller P, Campi D, Merkys A, Marrazzo A, Sohier T, Castelli I E, Cepellotti A, Pizzi G and Marzari N 2018 Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 246
doi: 10.1038/s41565-017-0035-5 |
[21] | Landau L 1937 Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 11 26 |
[22] |
Mermin N D 1968 Phys. Rev. 176 250
doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.176.250 |
[23] |
Peierls R 1935 Annales de l'institut Henri Poincaré 5 177
doi: es de l |
[24] |
Geim A K and Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183
doi: 10.1038/nmat1849 |
[25] | Strange P 1998 Relativistic quantum machanics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) |
[26] |
Yin J, Slizovskiy S, Cao Y, Hu S, Yang Y, Lobanova I, Piot B A, Son S K, Ozdemir S, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Novoselov K S, Guinea F, Geim A K, Fal'ko V and Mishchenko A 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 437
doi: 10.1038/s41567-019-0427-6 |
[27] |
Zhang C, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Lu S, Zhang J, Narayan A, Liu Y, Zhang H, Ni Z, Liu R, Choi E S, Suslov A, Sanvito S, Pi L, Lu H Z, Potter A C and Xiu F 2019 Nature 565 331
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0798-3 |
[28] |
Tang F, Ren Y, Wang P, Zhong R, Schneeloch J, Yang S A, Yang K, Lee P A, Gu G, Qiao Z and Zhang L 2019 Nature 569 537
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1180-9 |
[29] |
McCann E and Koshino M 2013 Rep. Prog. Phys. 76 056503
doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/5/056503 |
[30] |
Levitov L and Falkovich G 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 672
doi: 10.1038/nphys3667 |
[31] | Novoselov K S, Mishchenko A, Carvalho A and Castro Neto A H 2016 Science 353 aac9439 |
[32] |
Wang H, Chen M L, Zhu M, Wang Y, Dong B, Sun X, Zhang X, Cao S, Li X, Huang J, Zhang L, Liu W, Sun D, Ye Y, Song K, Wang J, Han Y, Yang T, Guo H, Qin C, Xiao L, Zhang J, Chen J, Han Z and Zhang Z 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 2302
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10256-3 |
[33] |
Yokoya T, Kiss T, Chainani A, Shin S, Nohara M and Takagi H 2001 Science 294 2518
doi: 10.1126/science.1065068 |
[34] |
Lu J M, Zheliuk O, Leermakers I, Yuan N F Q, Zeitler U, Law K T and Ye J T 2015 Science 350 1353
doi: 10.1126/science.aab2277 |
[35] | Ugeda M M, Bradley A J, Zhang Y, Onishi S, Chen Y, Ruan W, Ojeda-Aristizabal C, Ryu H, Edmonds M T, Tsai H Z, Riss A, Mo S K, Lee D, Zettl A, Hussain Z, Shen Z X and Crommie M F 2015 Nat. Phys. 12 92 |
[36] | Saito Y, Nojima T and Iwasa Y 2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 16094 |
[37] |
Zhang Y, Wang H, Li F, Sun X, Dong B, Li X, Han Z V, Yang T and Zhang H 2019 Science China Information Sciences 62 220402
doi: 10.1007/s11432-019-2642-6 |
[38] |
Huang B, Clark G, Navarro-Moratalla E, Klein D R, Cheng R, Seyler K L, Zhong D, Schmidgall E, McGuire M A, Cobden D H, Yao W, Xiao D, Jarillo-Herrero P and Xu X 2017 Nature 546 270
doi: 10.1038/nature22391 |
[39] |
Deng Y, Yu Y, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang N Z, Sun Z, Yi Y, Wu Y Z, Wu S, Zhu J, Wang J, Chen X H and Zhang Y 2018 Nature 563 94
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0626-9 |
[40] |
Gong C, Li L, Li Z, Ji H, Stern A, Xia Y, Cao T, Bao W, Wang C, Wang Y, Qiu Z Q, Cava R J, Louie S G, Xia J and Zhang X 2017 Nature 546 265
doi: 10.1038/nature22060 |
[41] | Gong C and Zhang X 2019 Science 363 eaav4450 |
[42] |
Yankowitz M, Ma Q, Jarillo-Herrero P and LeRoy B J 2019 Nat. Rev. Phys. 1 112
doi: 10.1038/s42254-018-0016-0 |
[43] |
Yankowitz M, Chen S, Polshyn H, Zhang Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Graf D, Young A F and Dean C R 2019 Science 363 1059
doi: 10.1126/science.aav1910 |
[44] |
Hartman T and Sofer Z 2019 ACS Nano 13 8566
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04466 |
[45] |
Davila M E, Xian L, Cahangirov S, Rubio A and Le Lay G 2014 New J. Phys. 16 095002
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/095002 |
[46] |
Tao L, Cinquanta E, Chiappe D, Grazianetti C, Fanciulli M, Dubey M, Molle A and Akinwande D 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 227
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.325 |
[47] |
Vogt P, De Padova P, Quaresima C, Avila J, Frantzeskakis E, Asensio M C, Resta A, Ealet B and Le Lay G 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 155501
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.155501 |
[48] |
Fleurence A, Friedlein R, Ozaki T, Kawai H, Wang Y and Yamada-Takamura Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 245501
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.245501 |
[49] |
Zhu F F, Chen W J, Xu Y, Gao C L, Guan D D, Liu C H, Qian D, Zhang S C and Jia J F 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1020
doi: 10.1038/nmat4384 |
[50] |
Balendhran S, Walia S, Nili H, Sriram S and Bhaskaran M 2015 Small 11 640
doi: 10.1002/smll.201402041 |
[51] |
Molle A, Goldberger J, Houssa M, Xu Y, Zhang S C and Akinwande D 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 163
doi: 10.1038/nmat4802 |
[52] |
Deng J, Xia B, Ma X, Chen H, Shan H, Zhai X, Li B, Zhao A, Xu Y, Duan W, Zhang S C, Wang B and Hou J G 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 1081
doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0203-5 |
[53] |
Chen L, Liu C C, Feng B, He X, Cheng P, Ding Z, Meng S, Yao Y and Wu K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 056804
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.056804 |
[54] |
Lin C L, Arafune R, Kawahara K, Kanno M, Tsukahara N, Minamitani E, Kim Y, Kawai M and Takagi N 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 076801
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.076801 |
[55] |
Meng L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Du S, Wu R, Li L, Zhang Y, Li G, Zhou H, Hofer W A and Gao H J 2013 Nano Lett. 13 685
doi: 10.1021/nl304347w |
[56] |
Li L, Lu S Z, Pan J, Qin Z, Wang Y Q, Wang Y, Cao G Y, Du S and Gao H J 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 4820
doi: 10.1002/adma.201400909 |
[57] |
BERGHOLTZ E J and LIU Z 2013 Inter. J. Mod. Phys. B 27 1330017
doi: 10.1142/S021797921330017X |
[58] |
Davila M E, Marele A, De Padova P, Montero I, Hennies F, Pietzsch A, Shariati M N, Gomez-Rodriguez J M and Le Lay G 2012 Nanotechnology 23 385703
doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/38/385703 |
[59] |
Tsetseris L and Kaltsas D 2014 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 5183
doi: 10.1039/c3cp55529a |
[60] |
Liu C C, Feng W and Yao Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 076802
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.076802 |
[61] |
Xu Y, Yan B, Zhang H J, Wang J, Xu G, Tang P, Duan W and Zhang S C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 136804
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.136804 |
[62] |
Liu C C, Jiang H and Yao Y 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 195430
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.195430 |
[63] |
Ma Y, Dai Y, Guo M, Niu C and Huang B 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 12977
doi: 10.1021/jp303646e |
[64] |
Liao M, Zang Y, Guan Z, Li H, Gong Y, Zhu K, Hu X P, Zhang D, Xu Y, Wang Y Y, He K, Ma X C, Zhang S C and Xue Q K 2018 Nat. Phys. 14 344
doi: 10.1038/s41567-017-0031-6 |
[65] |
Falson J, Xu Y, Liao M, Zang Y, Zhu K, Wang C, Zhang Z, Liu H, Duan W, He K, Liu H, Smet J H, Zhang D and Xue Q K 2020 Science 367 1454
doi: 10.1126/science.aax3873 |
[66] |
Lu A Y, Zhu H, Xiao J, Chuu C P, Han Y, Chiu M H, Cheng C C, Yang C W, Wei K H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Sokaras D, Nordlund D, Yang P, Muller D A, Chou M Y, Zhang X and Li L J 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 744
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2017.100 |
[67] |
Zhang J, Jia S, Kholmanov I, Dong L, Er D, Chen W, Guo H, Jin Z, Shenoy V B, Shi L and Lou J 2017 ACS Nano 11 8192
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03186 |
[68] |
Li R, Cheng Y and Huang W 2018 Small 14 1802091
doi: 10.1002/smll.201802091 |
[69] |
Cheng H, Zhou Y, Feng Y, Geng W, Liu Q, Guo W and Jiang L 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1700177
doi: 10.1002/adma.201700177 |
[70] |
Dong L, Lou J and Shenoy V B 2017 ACS Nano 11 8242
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03313 |
[71] |
Li F, Wei W, Zhao P, Huang B and Dai Y 2017 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8 5959
doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02841 |
[72] |
Cui C, Xue F, Hu W J and Li L J 2018 npj 2D Materials and Applications 2 1
doi: 10.1038/s41699-017-0046-y |
[73] |
Jariwala D, Sangwan V K, Lauhon L J, Marks T J and Hersam M C 2014 ACS Nano 8 1102
doi: 10.1021/nn500064s |
[74] |
Zhao S, Dong B, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Han Z V and Zhang H 2020 Nanoscale Advances 2 109
doi: 10.1039/C9NA00623K |
[75] |
Arai M, Moriya R, Yabuki N, Masubuchi S, Ueno K and Machida T 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 103107
doi: 10.1063/1.4930311 |
[76] |
Wolf S A, Awschalom D D, Buhrman R A, Daughton J M, von Molnar S, Roukes M L, Chtchelkanova A Y and Treger D M 2001 Science 294 1488
doi: 10.1126/science.1065389 |
[77] |
Amet F, Williams J R, Garcia A G F, Yankowitz M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T and Goldhaber-Gordon D 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 073405
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.073405 |
[78] |
Han W, Kawakami R K, Gmitra M and Fabian J 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 794
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.214 |
[79] |
Vdovin E E, Mishchenko A, Greenaway M T, Zhu M J, Ghazaryan D, Misra A, Cao Y, Morozov S V, Makarovsky O, Fromhold T M, Patane A, Slotman G J, Katsnelson M I, Geim A K, Novoselov K S and Eaves L 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 186603
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.186603 |
[80] |
Ghazaryan D, Greenaway M T, Wang Z, Guarochico-Moreira V H, Vera-Marun I J, Yin J, Liao Y, Morozov S V, Kristanovski O, Lichtenstein A I, Katsnelson M I, Withers F, Mishchenko A, Eaves L, Geim A K, Novoselov K S and Misra A 2018 Nat. Electron. 1 344
doi: 10.1038/s41928-018-0087-z |
[81] |
Klein D R, MacNeill D, Lado J L, Soriano D, Navarro-Moratalla E, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Manni S, Canfield P, Fernandez-Rossier J and Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Science 360 1218
doi: 10.1126/science.aar3617 |
[82] |
Song T, Cai X, Tu M W, Zhang X, Huang B, Wilson N P, Seyler K L, Zhu L, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, McGuire M A, Cobden D H, Xiao D, Yao W and Xu X 2018 Science 360 1214
doi: 10.1126/science.aar4851 |
[83] |
Cai X, Song T, Wilson N P, Clark G, He M, Zhang X, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, YaoW, Xiao D, McGuire M A, Cobden D H and Xu X 2019 Nano Lett. 19 3993
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01317 |
[84] |
Kim H H, Yang B, Tian S, Li C, Miao G X, Lei H and Tsen A W 2019 Nano Lett. 19 5739
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02357 |
[85] |
Liu L, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C and Buhrman R A 2012 Science 336 555
doi: 10.1126/science.1218197 |
[86] |
Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Fan Y, Alzate J G, Jiang W, Wong K L, Takei S, Bender S A, Chang L T, Jiang Y, Lang M, Tang J, Wang Y, Tserkovnyak Y, Amiri P K and Wang K L 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 548
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.94 |
[87] |
Alghamdi M, Lohmann M, Li J, Jothi P R, Shao Q, Aldosary M, Su T, Fokwa B P T and Shi J 2019 Nano Lett. 19 4400
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01043 |
[88] |
Johansen O, Risinggard V, Sudbo A, Linder J and Brataas A 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 217203
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.217203 |
[89] | Wang X, Tang J, Xia X, He C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wan C, Fang C, Guo C, Yang W, Guang Y, Zhang X, Xu H, Wei J, Liao M, Lu X, Feng J, Li X, Peng Y, Wei H, Yang R, Shi D, Zhang X, Han Z, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Yu G and Han X 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaaw8904 |
[90] |
Poh S M, Tan S J R, Wang H, Song P, Abidi I H, Zhao X, Dan J, Chen J, Luo Z, Pennycook S J, Castro Neto A H and Loh K P 2018 Nano Lett. 18 6340
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02688 |
[91] |
Fei R, Kang W and Yang L 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 097601
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.097601 |
[92] |
Ding W, Zhu J, Wang Z, Gao Y, Xiao D, Gu Y, Zhang Z and Zhu W 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14956
doi: 10.1038/ncomms14956 |
[93] |
Zhou Y, Wu D, Zhu Y, Cho Y, He Q, Yang X, Herrera K, Chu Z, Han Y, Downer M C, Peng H and Lai K 2017 Nano Lett. 17 5508
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02198 |
[94] |
Cui C, Hu W J, Yan X, Addiego C, Gao W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li L, Cheng Y, Li P, Zhang X, Alshareef H N, Wu T, Zhu W, Pan X and Li L J 2018 Nano Lett. 18 1253
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04852 |
[95] |
Xiao J, Zhu H, Wang Y, Feng W, Hu Y, Dasgupta A, Han Y, Wang Y, Muller D A, Martin L W, Hu P and Zhang X 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 227601
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.227601 |
[96] |
Xue F, Hu W, Lee K C, Lu L S, Zhang J, Tang H L, Han A, Hsu W T, Tu S, Chang W H, Lien C H, He J H, Zhang Z, Li L J and Zhang X 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1803738
doi: 10.1002/adfm.201803738 |
[97] | Zheng C, Yu L, Zhu L, Collins J L, Kim D, Lou Y, Xu C, Li M, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Edmonds M T, Li S, Seidel J, Zhu Y, Liu J Z, Tang W X and Fuhrer M S 2018 Sci. Adv. 4 eaar7720 |
[98] |
Yuan S, Luo X, Chan H L, Xiao C, Dai Y, Xie M and Hao J 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1775
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09669-x |
[99] |
Fei Z, Zhao W, Palomaki T A, Sun B, Miller M K, Zhao Z, Yan J, Xu X and Cobden D H 2018 Nature 560 336
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0336-3 |
[100] |
Xu X, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Zhuang J, Zhang L, Wang H, Liao C, Song H, Qiao R, Gao P, Hu Z, Liao L, Liao Z, Yu D, Wang E, Ding F, Peng H and Liu K 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 930
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.132 |
[101] |
Cai Z, Liu B, Zou X and Cheng H M 2018 Chem. Rev. 118 6091
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00536 |
[102] | Zhang Y, Yao Y, Sendeku M G, Yin L, Zhan X, Wang F, Wang Z and He J 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 e1901694 |
[103] |
Chen T A, Chuu C P, Tseng C C, Wen C K, Wong H S P, Pan S, Li R, Chao T A, Chueh W C, Zhang Y, Fu Q, Yakobson B I, Chang W H and Li L J 2020 Nature 579 219
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2009-2 |
[104] |
Li J, Yang X, Liu Y, Huang B, Wu R, Zhang Z, Zhao B, Ma H, Dang W, Wei Z, Wang K, Lin Z, Yan X, Sun M, Li B, Pan X, Luo J, Zhang G, Liu Y, Huang Y, Duan X and Duan X 2020 Nature 579 368
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2098-y |
[105] |
Huang Y, Pan Y H, Yang R, Bao L H, Meng L, Luo H L, Cai Y Q, Liu G D, Zhao W J, Zhou Z, Wu L M, Zhu Z L, Huang M, Liu L W, Liu L, Cheng P, Wu K H, Tian S B, Gu C Z, Shi Y G, Guo Y F, Cheng Z G, Hu J P, Zhao L, Yang G H, Sutter E, Sutter P, Wang Y L, Ji W, Zhou X J and Gao H J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2453
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16266-w |
[106] |
Huang Y, Sutter E, Shi N N, Zheng J, Yang T, Englund D, Gao H J and Sutter P 2015 ACS Nano 9 10612
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04258 |
[107] |
Gong C, Kim E M, Wang Y, Lee G and Zhang X 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 2657
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10693-0 |
[108] |
Lai Y, Song Z, Wan Y, Xue M, Wang C, Ye Y, Dai L, Zhang Z, Yang W, Du H and Yang J 2019 Nanoscale 11 5163
doi: 10.1039/C9NR00738E |
[109] |
Costanzo D, Jo S, Berger H and Morpurgo A F 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 339
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.314 |
[110] |
Xing Y, Zhang H M, Fu H L, Liu H, Sun Y, Peng J P, Wang F, Lin X, Ma X C, Xue Q K, Wang J and Xie X C 2015 Science 350 542
doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7154 |
[111] |
Zhu M J, Kretinin A V, Thompson M D, Bandurin D A, Hu S, Yu G L, Birkbeck J, Mishchenko A, Vera-Marun I J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Polini M, Prance J R, Novoselov K S, Geim A K and Ben Shalom M 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14552
doi: 10.1038/ncomms14552 |
[112] |
Han Z, Allain A, Arjmandi-Tash H, Tikhonov K, Feigel'man M, Sacépé B and Bouchiat V 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 380
doi: 10.1038/nphys2929 |
[113] |
Hart S, Ren H, Wagner T, Leubner P, Mühlbauer M, Brüne C, Buhmann H, Molenkamp L W and Yacoby A 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 638
doi: 10.1038/nphys3036 |
[114] |
Ge J F, Liu Z L, Liu C, Gao C L, Qian D, Xue Q K, Liu Y and Jia J F 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 285
doi: 10.1038/nmat4153 |
[115] |
Ji D, Cai S, Paudel T R, Sun H, Zhang C, Han L, Wei Y, Zang Y, Gu M, Zhang Y, Gao W, Huyan H, Guo W, Wu D, Gu Z, Tsymbal E Y, Wang P, Nie Y and Pan X 2019 Nature 570 87
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1255-7 |
[116] |
Cao Y, Mishchenko A, Yu G L, Khestanova E, Rooney A P, Prestat E, Kretinin A V, Blake P, Shalom M B, Woods C, Chapman J, Balakrishnan G, Grigorieva I V, Novoselov K S, Piot B A, Potemski M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Haigh S J, Geim A K and Gorbachev R V 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4914
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00648 |
[117] |
Wu Z, Xu S, Lu H, Khamoshi A, Liu G B, Han T, Wu Y, Lin J, Long G, He Y, Cai Y, Yao Y, Zhang F and Wang N 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 12955
doi: 10.1038/ncomms12955 |
[118] | Tsen A W, Hunt B, Kim Y D, Yuan Z J, Jia S, Cava R J, Hone J, Kim P, Dean C R and Pasupathy A N 2015 Nat. Phys. 12 208 |
[119] | Tamir I, Benyamini A, Telford E J, Gorniaczyk F, Doron A, Levinson T, Wang D, Gay F, Sacepe B, Hone J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Dean C R, Pasupathy A N and Shahar D 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaau3826 |
[120] | Shawulienu Kezilebieke M N H, Viliam Vaňo, Markus Aapro, Somesh C. Ganguli, Orlando J. Silveira, Szczepan Głodzik, Adam S. Foster, Teemu Ojanen, Peter Liljeroth 2020 arXiv 2002.02141 |
[121] |
Lin H, Zhu Q, Shu D, Lin D, Xu J, Huang X, Shi W, Xi X, Wang J and Gao L 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 602
doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0321-8 |
[122] |
Veyrat L, Deprez C, Coissard A, Li X, Gay F, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Han Z, Piot B A, Sellier H and Sacepe B 2020 Science 367 781
doi: 10.1126/science.aax8201 |
[123] |
Luo W, Zhu M, Peng G, Zheng X, Miao F, Bai S, Zhang X A and Qin S 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1704539
doi: 10.1002/adfm.201704539 |
[124] |
Liu T, Liu S, Tu K H, Schmidt H, Chu L, Xiang D, Martin J, Eda G, Ross C A and Garaj S 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 223
doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0361-x |
[125] |
Wang X, Wang P, Wang J, Hu W, Zhou X, Guo N, Huang H, Sun S, Shen H, Lin T, Tang M, Liao L, Jiang A, Sun J, Meng X, Chen X, Lu W and Chu J 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 6575
doi: 10.1002/adma.201503340 |
[126] |
Deng Y, Yu Y, Shi M Z, Guo Z, Xu Z, Wang J, Chen X H and Zhang Y 2020 Science 367 895
doi: 10.1126/science.aax8156 |
[127] |
Chen B, Fei F, Zhang D, Zhang B, Liu W, Zhang S, Wang P, Wei B, Zhang Y, Zuo Z, Guo J, Liu Q, Wang Z, Wu X, Zong J, Xie X, Chen W, Sun Z, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Song F, Zhang H, Shen D and Wang B 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 4469
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12485-y |
[128] | Wang J, Xu Y, Wu Y, Luo T, Li H, Li J, Liu Y and Ge J 2020 National Science Review nwaa089 |
[129] |
Liu E, Sun Y, Kumar N, Muchler L, Sun A, Jiao L, Yang S Y, Liu D, Liang A, Xu Q, Kroder J, Suss V, Borrmann H, Shekhar C, Wang Z, Xi C, Wang W, Schnelle W, Wirth S, Chen Y, Goennenwein S T B and Felser C 2018 Nat. Phys. 14 1125
doi: 10.1038/s41567-018-0234-5 |
[130] |
Berkelbach T C and Reichman D R 2018 Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 9 379
doi: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054009 |
[131] |
Liu Y, Gao Y, Zhang S, He J, Yu J and Liu Z 2019 Nano Research 12 2695
doi: 10.1007/s12274-019-2497-2 |
[132] |
Tran K, Moody G, Wu F, Lu X, Choi J, Kim K, Rai A, Sanchez D A, Quan J, Singh A, Embley J, Zepeda A, Campbell M, Autry T, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Lu N, Banerjee S K, Silverman K L, Kim S, Tutuc E, Yang L, MacDonald A H and Li X 2019 Nature 567 71
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0975-z |
[133] |
Jin C, Regan E C, Yan A, Iqbal Bakti Utama M, Wang D, Zhao S, Qin Y, Yang S, Zheng Z, Shi S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Zettl A and Wang F 2019 Nature 567 76
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0976-y |
[134] |
Alexeev E M, Ruiz-Tijerina D A, Danovich M, Hamer M J, Terry D J, Nayak P K, Ahn S, Pak S, Lee J, Sohn J I, Molas M R, Koperski M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Novoselov K S, Gorbachev R V, Shin H S, Fal'ko V I and Tartakovskii A I 2019 Nature 567 81
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0986-9 |
[135] | Tartakovskii A 2019 Nature Reviews Physics 2 8 |
[136] |
Rivera P, Yu H, Seyler K L, Wilson N P, Yao W and Xu X 2018 Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 1004
doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0193-0 |
[137] |
Wang Z, Rhodes D A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone J C, Shan J and Mak K F 2019 Nature 574 76
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1591-7 |
[138] |
Fogler M M, Butov L V and Novoselov K S 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4555
doi: 10.1038/ncomms5555 |
[139] |
Li J I A, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Hone J, Levchenko A and Dean C R 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 046802
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.046802 |
[140] |
Lee K, Xue J, Dillen D C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T and Tutuc E 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 046803
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.046803 |
[141] |
Eisenstein J P 2014 Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 5 159
doi: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031113-133832 |
[142] |
Li J I A, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Hone J and Dean C R 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 751
doi: 10.1038/nphys4140 |
[143] |
Hankiewicz E M and Vignale G 2009 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 253202
doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/25/253202 |
[144] |
Weber C P, Gedik N, Moore J E, Orenstein J, Stephens J and Awschalom D D 2005 Nature 437 1330
doi: 10.1038/nature04206 |
[145] |
Narozhny B N and Levchenko A 2016 Rev. Mod. Phys. 88 025003
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.88.025003 |
[146] |
Zheng L and MacDonald A H 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 8203
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.8203 |
[147] |
Gorbachev R V, Geim A K, Katsnelson M I, Novoselov K S, Tudorovskiy T, Grigorieva I V, MacDonald A H, Morozov S V, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T and Ponomarenko L A 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 896
doi: 10.1038/nphys2441 |
[148] |
Liu X M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Halperin B I and Kim P 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 746
doi: 10.1038/nphys4116 |
[149] |
Perali A, Neilson D and Hamilton A R 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 146803
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.146803 |
[150] |
Li J I A, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Hone J and Dean C R 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 751
doi: 10.1038/nphys4140 |
[151] |
Croxall A F, Das Gupta K, Nicoll C A, Thangaraj M, Beere H E, Farrer I, Ritchie D A and Pepper M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 246801
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.246801 |
[152] |
Lev L L, Maiboroda I O, Husanu M A, Grichuk E S, Chumakov N K, Ezubchenko I S, Chernykh I A, Wang X, Tobler B, Schmitt T, Zanaveskin M L, Valeyev V G and Strocov V N 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2653
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04354-x |
[153] |
Dean C R, Young A F, Meric I, Lee C, Wang L, Sorgenfrei S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim P, Shepard K L and Hone J 2010 Nat. Nanotechnol 5 722
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.172 |
[154] |
Liu X, Hao Z, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Halperin B I and Kim P 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 893
doi: 10.1038/s41567-019-0546-0 |
[155] |
Li J I A, Shi Q, Zeng Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone J and Dean C R 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 898
doi: 10.1038/s41567-019-0547-z |
[156] |
Eisenstein J P and Macdonald A H 2004 Nature 432 691
doi: 10.1038/nature03081 |
[157] |
Yankowitz M, Xue J, Cormode D, Sanchez-Yamagishi J D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jarillo-Herrero P, Jacquod P and LeRoy B J 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 382
doi: 10.1038/nphys2272 |
[158] |
Ponomarenko L A, Gorbachev R V, Yu G L, Elias D C, Jalil R, Patel A A, Mishchenko A, Mayorov A S, Woods C R, Wallbank J R, Mucha-Kruczynski M, Piot B A, Potemski M, Grigorieva I V, Novoselov K S, Guinea F, Fal'ko V I and Geim A K 2013 Nature 497 594
doi: 10.1038/nature12187 |
[159] |
Hunt B, Sanchez-Yamagishi J D, Young A F, Yankowitz M, LeRoy B J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Moon P, Koshino M, Jarillo-Herrero P and Ashoori R C 2013 Science 340 1427
doi: 10.1126/science.1237240 |
[160] |
Zhou S Y, Gweon G H, Graf J, Fedorov A V, Spataru C D, Diehl R D, Kopelevich Y, Lee D H, Louie S G and Lanzara A 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 595
doi: 10.1038/nphys393 |
[161] | Wu S, Wang L, Lai Y, Shan W Y, Aivazian G, Zhang X, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Xiao D, Dean C, Hone J, Li Z and Xu X 2016 Sci. Adv. 2 e1600002 |
[162] |
Yang W, Chen G, Shi Z, Liu C C, Zhang L, Xie G, Cheng M, Wang D, Yang R, Shi D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Yao Y, Zhang Y and Zhang G 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 792
doi: 10.1038/nmat3695 |
[163] |
Ribeiro-Palau R, Zhang C J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone J and Dean C R 2018 Science 361 690
doi: 10.1126/science.aat6981 |
[164] |
Liao M, Wu Z W, Du L, Zhang T, Wei Z, Zhu J, Yu H, Tang J, Gu L, Xing Y, Yang R, Shi D, Yao Y and Zhang G 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 4068
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06555-w |
[165] |
Chari T, Ribeiro-Palau R, Dean C R and Shepard K 2016 Nano Lett. 16 4477
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01657 |
[166] |
Sharpe A L, Fox E J, Barnard A W, Finney J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kastner M A and Goldhaber-Gordon D 2019 Science 365 605
doi: 10.1126/science.aaw3780 |
[167] |
Bistritzer R and MacDonald A H 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 12233
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1108174108 |
[168] |
Manaf M N, Santoso I and Hermanto A 2015 AIP Conference Proceedings 1677 070004
doi: 10.1063/1.4930708 |
[169] |
Suárez Morell E, Correa J D, Vargas P, Pacheco M and Barticevic Z 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 121407
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.121407 |
[170] |
Lopes dos Santos J M B, Peres N M R and Castro Neto A H 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 155449
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.155449 |
[171] |
Carr S, Massatt D, Fang S, Cazeaux P, Luskin M and Kaxiras E 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 075420
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.075420 |
[172] | Aror H S, Polski R, Zhang Y R, Thomson A, Choi Youngjoon, Kim H, Lin Z, Wilson I Z, Xu X D, Chu J H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Alicea J and Nadj-Perge S 2020 ArXiv 2002.03003 |
[173] |
Lu X, Stepanov P, Yang W, Xie M, Aamir M A, Das I, Urgell C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zhang G, Bachtold A, MacDonald A H and Efetov D K 2019 Nature 574 653
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1695-0 |
[174] |
Serlin M, Tschirhart C L, Polshyn H, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Balents L and Young A F 2020 Science 367 900
doi: 10.1126/science.aay5533 |
[175] |
Choi Y, Kemmer J, Peng Y, Thomson A, Arora H, Polski R, Zhang Y, Ren H, Alicea J, Refael G, von Oppen F, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T and Nadj-Perge S 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 1174
doi: 10.1038/s41567-019-0606-5 |
[176] |
Jiang Y, Lai X, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Haule K, Mao J and Andrei E Y 2019 Nature 573 91
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1460-4 |
[177] |
Kerelsky A, McGilly L J, Kennes D M, Xian L, Yankowitz M, Chen S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hone J, Dean C, Rubio A and Pasupathy A N 2019 Nature 572 95
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1431-9 |
[178] |
Xie Y, Lian B, Jack B, Liu X, Chiu C L, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Bernevig B A and Yazdani A 2019 Nature 572 101
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1422-x |
[179] |
Uri A, Grover S, Cao Y, Crosse J A, Bagani K, Rodan-Legrain D, Myasoedov Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Moon P, Koshino M, Jarillo-Herrero P and Zeldov E 2020 Nature 581 47
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2255-3 |
[180] |
Chen G, Sharpe A L, Fox E J, Zhang Y H, Wang S, Jiang L, Lyu B, Li H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Shi Z, Senthil T, Goldhaber-Gordon D, Zhang Y and Wang F 2020 Nature 579 56
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2049-7 |
[181] |
Chittari B L, Chen G, Zhang Y, Wang F and Jung J 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 016401
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.016401 |
[182] |
Chen G, Sharpe A L, Gallagher P, Rosen I T, Fox E J, Jiang L, Lyu B, Li H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jung J, Shi Z, Goldhaber-Gordon D, Zhang Y and Wang F 2019 Nature 572 215
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1393-y |
[183] |
Chen G, Jiang L, Wu S, Lyu B, Li H, Chittari B L, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Shi Z, Jung J, Zhang Y and Wang F 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 237
doi: 10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2 |
[184] | Codecido E, Wang Q, Koester R, Che S, Tian H, Lv R, Tran S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zhang F, Bockrath M and Lau C N 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaaw9770 |
[185] | Moriyama. S, Morita. Y, Komatsu. K, Endo. K, Iwasaki T, Nakaharai S, Noguchi Y, Wakayama Y, Watanabe E, Tsuya D, Watanabe K and Taniguchi T 2019 arXiv 1901.09356 |
[186] | Liu X M, Hao Z, Khalaf E, Lee J Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Vishwanath A and Kim P 2019 arXiv 1903.08130v1 |
[187] | Yuan Cao D R L, Oriol Rubies-Bigorda, Jeong Min Park, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero 2019 Nature 7 154 |
[188] | Shen C, Wu Q S, Na L, Wang S P, Zhao Y C, Tang J, Liu J Y, Tian J P, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Yang R, Meng Z Y, Shi D X, Oleg V. Yazyev and Zhang G Y 2019 Nat. Phys. 16 520 |
[189] |
Chen H, Zhang X L, Zhang Y Y, Wang D, Bao D L, Que Y, Xiao W, Du S, Ouyang M, Pantelides S T and Gao H J 2019 Science 365 1036
doi: 10.1126/science.aax7864 |
[190] | Tsai K T, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Luo Y, Carr S, Luskin M, Kaxiras E and Wang K 2019 arXiv 1912.03375 |
[191] | Chen S, He M, Zhang Y H, Hsieh V, Fei Z Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Cobden D H, Xu X, Dean C R and Yankowitz M 2020 arXiv 2004.11340 |
[192] |
Balents L, Dean C R, Efetov D K and Young A F 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 725
doi: 10.1038/s41567-020-0906-9 |
[193] | Lu X, Lian B, Chaudhary G, Piot B A, Romagnoli G, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Poggio M, MacDonald A H, Bernevig B A and Efetov D K 2020 arXiv 2006.13963 |
[194] |
McGilly L J, Kerelsky A, Finney N R, Shapovalov K, Shih E M, Ghiotto A, Zeng Y, Moore S L, Wu W, Bai Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Stengel M, Zhou L, Hone J, Zhu X, Basov D N, Dean C, Dreyer C E and Pasupathy A N 2020 Nat. Nanotechnol. 15 580
doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0708-3 |
[195] |
Weston A, Zou Y, Enaldiev V, Summerfield A, Clark N, Zolyomi V, Graham A, Yelgel C, Magorrian S, Zhou M, Zultak J, Hopkinson D, Barinov A, Bointon T H, Kretinin A, Wilson N R, Beton P H, Fal'ko V I, Haigh S J and Gorbachev R 2020 Nat. Nanotechnol. 15 592
doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0682-9 |
[196] | Cao Y, Rodan-Legrain D, Park J M, Yuan F N, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fernandes R M, Fu L and Jarillo-Herrero P 2020 arXiv 2004.04148 |
[197] | Rickhaus P, Vries F d, Zhu J, Portolés E, Zheng G, Masseroni M, Kurzmann A, Taniguchi T, Wantanabe K, MacDonald A H, Ihn T and Ensslin K 2020 arXiv 2005.05373 |
[198] |
Wu F, Lovorn T, Tutuc E, Martin I and MacDonald A H 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 086402
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.086402 |
[199] | Zhang C, Chuu C P, Ren X, Li M Y, Li L J, Jin C, Chou M Y and Shih C K 2017 Sci. Adv. 3 e1601459 |
[200] |
Lin M L, Tan Q H, Wu J B, Chen X S, Wang J H, Pan Y H, Zhang X, Cong X, Zhang J, Ji W, Hu P A, Liu K H and Tan P H 2018 ACS Nano 12 8770
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05006 |
[201] |
Wang L, Shih E M, Ghiotto A, Xian L, Rhodes D A, Tan C, Claassen M, Kennes D M, Bai Y, Kim B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zhu X, Hone J, Rubio A, Pasupathy A N and Dean C R 2020 Nat. Mater. 19 861
doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-0708-6 |
[202] |
Tong Q, Liu F, Xiao J and Yao W 2018 Nano Lett. 18 7194
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03315 |
[203] |
Tang Y, Li L, Li T, Xu Y, Liu S, Barmak K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, MacDonald A H, Shan J and Mak K F 2020 Nature 579 353
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2085-3 |
[204] |
Regan E C, Wang D, Jin C, Bakti Utama M I, Gao B, Wei X, Zhao S, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Yumigeta K, Blei M, Carlström J D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Crommie M, Zettl A and Wang F 2020 Nature 579 359
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2092-4 |
[205] |
Liu C, Chen H, Hou X, Zhang H, Han J, Jiang Y G, Zeng X, Zhang D W and Zhou P 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 662
doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0462-6 |
[206] |
Gao A, Lai J, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Zeng J, Yu G, Wang N, Chen W, Cao T, Hu W, Sun D, Chen X, Miao F, Shi Y and Wang X 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 217
doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0348-z |
[207] |
Wu G J, Tian B B, Liu L, Lv W, Wu S, Wang X D, Chen Y, Li J Y, Wang Z, Wu S Q, Shen H, Lin T, Zhou P, Liu Q, Duan C G, Zhang S T, Meng X J, Wu S W, Hu W D, Wang X R, Chu J H and Wang J L 2020 Nat. Electron. 3 43
doi: 10.1038/s41928-019-0350-y |
[208] |
Chen M L, Sun X, Liu H, Wang H, Zhu Q, Wang S, Du H, Dong B, Zhang J, Sun Y, Qiu S, Alava T, Liu S, Sun D M and Han Z 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 1205
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15096-0 |
[209] |
Wang L, Xu X, Zhang L, Qiao R, Wu M, Wang Z, Zhang S, Liang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Chen W, Xie X, Zong J, Shan Y, Guo Y, Willinger M, Wu H, Li Q, Wang W, Gao P, Wu S, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Yu D, Wang E, Bai X, Wang Z J, Ding F and Liu K 2019 Nature 570 91
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1226-z |
[210] |
Gao L, Ren W, Xu H, Jin L, Wang Z, Ma T, Ma L P, Zhang Z, Fu Q, Peng L M, Bao X and Cheng H M 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 699
doi: 10.1038/ncomms1702 |
[211] |
Shi Z, Wang X, Li Q, Yang P, Lu G, Jiang R, Wang H, Zhang C, Cong C, Liu Z, Wu T, Wang H, Yu Q and Xie X 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 849
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14596-3 |
[212] |
Zeng M, Liu J, Zhou L, Mendes R G, Dong Y, Zhang M Y, Cui Z H, Cai Z, Zhang Z, Zhu D, Yang T, Li X, Wang J, Zhao L, Chen G, Jiang H, Rummeli M H, Zhou H and Fu L 2020 Nat. Mater. 19 528
doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-0622-y |
[213] |
Li S, Lin Y C, Zhao W, Wu J, Wang Z, Hu Z, Shen Y, Tang D M, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Chu L, Zhao W, Liu C, Sun Z, Taniguchi T, Osada M, Chen W, Xu Q H, Wee A T S, Suenaga K, Ding F and Eda G 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 535
doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0055-z |
[214] |
Xu L, Zhang P, Jiang H, Wang X, Chen F, Hu Z, Gong Y, Shang L, Zhang J, Jiang K and Chu J 2019 Small 15 1904116
doi: 10.1002/smll.201904116 |
[215] |
Xu Y, Shi X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Xu X, Guo J, Zhang H, Sun L, Zeng Z, Pan A and Zhang K 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 1330
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14902-z |
[216] |
Chen Z, Xu C, Ma C, Ren W and Cheng H M 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 1296
doi: 10.1002/adma.201204196 |
[217] |
Xu X, Chen S, Liu S, Cheng X, Xu W, Li P, Wan Y, Yang S, Gong W, Yuan K, Gao P, Ye Y and Dai L 2019 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 2128
doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b12230 |
[218] |
Sun Y, Sun Z, Gao S, Cheng H, Liu Q, Piao J, Yao T, Wu C, Hu S, Wei S and Xie Y 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1057
doi: 10.1038/ncomms2066 |
[219] |
Kim S J, Choi K, Lee B, Kim Y and Hong B H 2015 Annual Review of Materials Research 45 63
doi: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070214-020901 |
[220] |
Du Z, Yang S, Li S, Lou J, Zhang S, Wang S, Li B, Gong Y, Song L, Zou X and Ajayan P M 2020 Nature 577 492
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1904-x |
[221] |
Feynman R P 1950 Phys. Rev. 80 440
doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.80.440 |
|