On the role of the uncertainty principle in superconductivity and superfluidity

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/21/7/070306

摘要/Abstract

摘要： We discuss the general interplay between the uncertainty principle and the onset of dissipationless transport phenomena such as superconductivity and superfluidity. We argue that these phenomena are possible because of the robustness of many-body quantum states with respect to the external environment, which is directly related to the uncertainty principle as applied to coordinates and momenta of the carriers. In the case of superconductors, this implies relationships between macroscopic quantities such as critical temperature and critical magnetic field, and microscopic quantities such as the amount of spatial squeezing of a Cooper pair and its correlation time. In the case of ultracold atomic Fermi gases, this should be paralleled by a connection between the critical temperature for the onset of superfluidity and the corresponding critical velocity. Tests of this conjecture are finally sketched with particular regard to the understanding of the behaviour of superconductors under external pressures or mesoscopic superconductors, and the possibility to mimic these effects in ultracold atomic Fermi gases using Feshbach resonances and atomic squeezed states.

关键词: superconductivity, superfluidity, uncertainty principle, squeezed states

Abstract: We discuss the general interplay between the uncertainty principle and the onset of dissipationless transport phenomena such as superconductivity and superfluidity. We argue that these phenomena are possible because of the robustness of many-body quantum states with respect to the external environment, which is directly related to the uncertainty principle as applied to coordinates and momenta of the carriers. In the case of superconductors, this implies relationships between macroscopic quantities such as critical temperature and critical magnetic field, and microscopic quantities such as the amount of spatial squeezing of a Cooper pair and its correlation time. In the case of ultracold atomic Fermi gases, this should be paralleled by a connection between the critical temperature for the onset of superfluidity and the corresponding critical velocity. Tests of this conjecture are finally sketched with particular regard to the understanding of the behaviour of superconductors under external pressures or mesoscopic superconductors, and the possibility to mimic these effects in ultracold atomic Fermi gases using Feshbach resonances and atomic squeezed states.

Key words: superconductivity, superfluidity, uncertainty principle, squeezed states

中图分类号: (Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory)

03.65.Ta

42.50.Dv (Quantum state engineering and measurements) 74.20.De (Phenomenological theories (two-fluid, Ginzburg-Landau, etc.)) 67.85.Lm (Degenerate Fermi gases)

Roberto Onofrio . On the role of the uncertainty principle in superconductivity and superfluidity[J]. 中国物理B, 2012, 21(7): 70306-070306.

Roberto Onofrio . On the role of the uncertainty principle in superconductivity and superfluidity[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2012, 21(7): 70306-070306.

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