中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 77104-077104.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcaa1

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Non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions driven by electromagnetic fields

Kai Liu(刘恺)1,2, Wan-Zi Sun(孙万梓)1,2, Cheng-Xi Li(李成蹊)1,2,†, and Wu-Ming Liu(刘伍明)1,2,3,‡   

  1. 1 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    2 School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    3 Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17 修回日期:2025-04-08 接受日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2025-07-15
  • 通讯作者: Cheng-Xi Li, Wu-Ming Liu E-mail:lcxtom@icloud.com;wliu@iphy.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants Nos. 2021YFA1400900, 2021YFA0718300, and 2021YFA1400243), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61835013, 12174461, and 12234012), and the Fund from the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program.

Non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions driven by electromagnetic fields

Kai Liu(刘恺)1,2, Wan-Zi Sun(孙万梓)1,2, Cheng-Xi Li(李成蹊)1,2,†, and Wu-Ming Liu(刘伍明)1,2,3,‡   

  1. 1 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    2 School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    3 Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
  • Received:2025-02-17 Revised:2025-04-08 Accepted:2025-04-09 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-07-15
  • Contact: Cheng-Xi Li, Wu-Ming Liu E-mail:lcxtom@icloud.com;wliu@iphy.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants Nos. 2021YFA1400900, 2021YFA0718300, and 2021YFA1400243), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61835013, 12174461, and 12234012), and the Fund from the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program.

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摘要： We investigate the behavior of non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions by examining their interaction with electromagnetic fields through renormalization group analysis. Our research reveals that the interplay between non-Hermiticity and birefringence leads to distinct behaviors in two and three dimensions, where the system exhibits different fixed points and scaling properties due to dimension-dependent charge renormalization effects. In two dimensions, where the electronic charge remains unrenormalized, the system flows in the deep infrared limit from non-Hermitian birefringent spin-3/2 fermions to two copies of non-Hermitian spin-1/2 Dirac fermions, demonstrating a crossover of relativistic liquid and non-relativistic liquid. In three dimensions, dynamic screening of electromagnetic interactions modifies the logarithmic growth of Fermi velocity, leading to richer quantum corrections while maintaining similar suppression of birefringence in the infrared limit. Our findings provide theoretical insights into the emergence of Lorentz symmetry in non-Hermitian systems, laying theoretical foundations for studying low-energy behavior in other non-Hermitian models.

关键词: non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions, renormalization group analysis, dimension-dependent charge renormalization, non-Hermitian Fermi velocity, Lorentz symmetry

Abstract: We investigate the behavior of non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions by examining their interaction with electromagnetic fields through renormalization group analysis. Our research reveals that the interplay between non-Hermiticity and birefringence leads to distinct behaviors in two and three dimensions, where the system exhibits different fixed points and scaling properties due to dimension-dependent charge renormalization effects. In two dimensions, where the electronic charge remains unrenormalized, the system flows in the deep infrared limit from non-Hermitian birefringent spin-3/2 fermions to two copies of non-Hermitian spin-1/2 Dirac fermions, demonstrating a crossover of relativistic liquid and non-relativistic liquid. In three dimensions, dynamic screening of electromagnetic interactions modifies the logarithmic growth of Fermi velocity, leading to richer quantum corrections while maintaining similar suppression of birefringence in the infrared limit. Our findings provide theoretical insights into the emergence of Lorentz symmetry in non-Hermitian systems, laying theoretical foundations for studying low-energy behavior in other non-Hermitian models.

Key words: non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions, renormalization group analysis, dimension-dependent charge renormalization, non-Hermitian Fermi velocity, Lorentz symmetry

中图分类号:  (Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.))

  • 71.10.Fd
71.10.-w (Theories and models of many-electron systems) 71.10.Ay (Fermi-liquid theory and other phenomenological models) 71.15.Rf (Relativistic effects)