Evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift in NTSC-F2

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/abe375

中国物理B ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 70601-070601.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/abe375

Evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift in NTSC-F2

Jun-Ru Shi(施俊如)^1,2,3, Xin-Liang Wang(王心亮)^1,2,†, Yang Bai(白杨)^1,2,3, Fan Yang(杨帆)^1,2,3, Yong Guan(管勇)^1,2, Dan-Dan Liu(刘丹丹)^1,2, Jun Ruan(阮军)^1,2, and Shou-Gang Zhang(张首刚)^1,2

1 National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China;
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

收稿日期:2020-12-02 修回日期:2021-01-22 接受日期:2021-02-05 出版日期:2021-06-22 发布日期:2021-06-22
通讯作者: Xin-Liang Wang E-mail:wangxl@ntsc.ac.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFF0200202), the Maintenance and Reformation Program for the Major Science and Technology Fundamental Devices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. DSS-WXGZ-2020-0005), and the Foundation for Western Young Scholars, China (Grant No. XAB2018A06).

Evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift in NTSC-F2

1 National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China;
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-12-02 Revised:2021-01-22 Accepted:2021-02-05 Online:2021-06-22 Published:2021-06-22
Contact: Xin-Liang Wang E-mail:wangxl@ntsc.ac.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFF0200202), the Maintenance and Reformation Program for the Major Science and Technology Fundamental Devices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. DSS-WXGZ-2020-0005), and the Foundation for Western Young Scholars, China (Grant No. XAB2018A06).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Caesium atomic fountain clock is a primary frequency standard, which realizes the duration of second. Its performance is mostly dominated by the frequency accuracy, and the C-field induced second-order Zeeman frequency shift is the major effect, which limits the accuracy improvement. By applying a high-precision current supply and high-performance magnetic shieldings, the C-field stability has been improved significantly. In order to achieve a uniform C-field, this paper proposes a doubly wound C-field solenoid, which compensates the radial magnetic field along the atomic flight region generated by the lead-out single wire and improves the accuracy evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift. Based on the stable and uniform C-field, we launch the selected atoms to different heights and record the magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition $|F = 3, m_{F} = -1\rangle \to |F = 4, m_{F} = -1\rangle$ central frequency, obtaining this frequency shift as 131.03$\times $10$^{-15}$ and constructing the C-field profile ($\sigma = 0.15$ nT). Meanwhile, during normal operation, we lock NTSC-F2 to the central frequency of the magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition $|F = 3, m_{F} = -1\rangle \to |F = 4, m_{F} = -1\rangle$ fringe for ten consecutive days and record this frequency fluctuation in time domain. The first evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift uncertainty is 0.10$\times $10$^{-15}$. The total deviation of the frequency fluctuation on the clock transition induced by the C-field instability is less than 2.6$\times $10$^{-17}$. Compared with NTSC-F1, NTSC-F2, there appears a significant improvement.

关键词: caesium atomic fountain clock, second-order Zeeman frequency shift, C-field, magnetic shielding

Abstract: Caesium atomic fountain clock is a primary frequency standard, which realizes the duration of second. Its performance is mostly dominated by the frequency accuracy, and the C-field induced second-order Zeeman frequency shift is the major effect, which limits the accuracy improvement. By applying a high-precision current supply and high-performance magnetic shieldings, the C-field stability has been improved significantly. In order to achieve a uniform C-field, this paper proposes a doubly wound C-field solenoid, which compensates the radial magnetic field along the atomic flight region generated by the lead-out single wire and improves the accuracy evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift. Based on the stable and uniform C-field, we launch the selected atoms to different heights and record the magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition $|F = 3, m_{F} = -1\rangle \to |F = 4, m_{F} = -1\rangle$ central frequency, obtaining this frequency shift as 131.03$\times $10$^{-15}$ and constructing the C-field profile ($\sigma = 0.15$ nT). Meanwhile, during normal operation, we lock NTSC-F2 to the central frequency of the magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition $|F = 3, m_{F} = -1\rangle \to |F = 4, m_{F} = -1\rangle$ fringe for ten consecutive days and record this frequency fluctuation in time domain. The first evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift uncertainty is 0.10$\times $10$^{-15}$. The total deviation of the frequency fluctuation on the clock transition induced by the C-field instability is less than 2.6$\times $10$^{-17}$. Compared with NTSC-F1, NTSC-F2, there appears a significant improvement.

Key words: caesium atomic fountain clock, second-order Zeeman frequency shift, C-field, magnetic shielding

中图分类号: (Time and frequency)

06.30.Ft

07.77.Gx (Atomic and molecular beam sources and detectors) 32.10.-f (Properties of atoms)

Jun-Ru Shi(施俊如), Xin-Liang Wang(王心亮), Yang Bai(白杨), Fan Yang(杨帆), Yong Guan(管勇), Dan-Dan Liu(刘丹丹), Jun Ruan(阮军), and Shou-Gang Zhang(张首刚). Evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift in NTSC-F2[J]. 中国物理B, 2021, 30(7): 70601-070601.

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Evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift in NTSC-F2

Evaluation of second-order Zeeman frequency shift in NTSC-F2

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