中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 80505-080505.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae1455

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Vector solitons in parity-time-symmetric mixed linear-nonlinear lattices with fractional diffraction

Xing Zhu(朱兴)1, Milivoj R. Belić2, Dumitru Mihalache3, Qinfang Xu(许勤芳)1, and Liangwei Zeng(曾亮维)1,4,†   

  1. 1 School of Arts and Sciences, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China;
    2 College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, 23874 Doha, Qatar;
    3 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Bucharest, Romania;
    4 College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-10-14 接受日期:2025-10-17 发布日期:2026-08-06
  • 通讯作者: Liangwei Zeng E-mail:liangweizeng@gzmtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62205224 and 11774068), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2023A1515010865), the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant No. 2025A04J4068), the Tertiary Education Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau (Grant No. 2024312022), and the Qatar National Research Fund (Grant No. NPRP13S-0121- 200126).

Vector solitons in parity-time-symmetric mixed linear-nonlinear lattices with fractional diffraction

Xing Zhu(朱兴)1, Milivoj R. Belić2, Dumitru Mihalache3, Qinfang Xu(许勤芳)1, and Liangwei Zeng(曾亮维)1,4,†   

  1. 1 School of Arts and Sciences, Guangzhou Maritime University, Guangzhou 510725, China;
    2 College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, 23874 Doha, Qatar;
    3 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Bucharest, Romania;
    4 College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-10-14 Accepted:2025-10-17 Published:2026-08-06
  • Contact: Liangwei Zeng E-mail:liangweizeng@gzmtu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62205224 and 11774068), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2023A1515010865), the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant No. 2025A04J4068), the Tertiary Education Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau (Grant No. 2024312022), and the Qatar National Research Fund (Grant No. NPRP13S-0121- 200126).

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摘要： We demonstrate that $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric mixed linear-nonlinear lattices can sustain mixed-gap vector solitons in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with fractional diffraction. Here, mixed-gap vector solitons refer to solitons whose first and second components exist in different band gaps. In this work, the first component is a fundamental soliton, while the second is a dipole. When the propagation constant of the first component is fixed, the soliton power of the first component decreases as the propagation constant of the second component increases. Conversely, the power of the second component increases with its own propagation constant. We study cases with both large and small values of the Lévy index. We also study the stability of these solitons, using linear stability analysis and perturbed propagations. Interestingly, the stability domains of vector solitons with a large Lévy index are consistently much wider than those with a small Lévy index.

关键词: parity-time-symmetry, vector solitons, linear-nonlinear lattices, fractional diffraction, nonlinear optics

Abstract: We demonstrate that $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric mixed linear-nonlinear lattices can sustain mixed-gap vector solitons in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with fractional diffraction. Here, mixed-gap vector solitons refer to solitons whose first and second components exist in different band gaps. In this work, the first component is a fundamental soliton, while the second is a dipole. When the propagation constant of the first component is fixed, the soliton power of the first component decreases as the propagation constant of the second component increases. Conversely, the power of the second component increases with its own propagation constant. We study cases with both large and small values of the Lévy index. We also study the stability of these solitons, using linear stability analysis and perturbed propagations. Interestingly, the stability domains of vector solitons with a large Lévy index are consistently much wider than those with a small Lévy index.

Key words: parity-time-symmetry, vector solitons, linear-nonlinear lattices, fractional diffraction, nonlinear optics

中图分类号:  (Solitons)

  • 05.45.Yv
42.65.Tg (Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves) 42.81.Dp (Propagation, scattering, and losses; solitons)