中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 24208-024208.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adfdc5

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Optical temporal interference model for investigation and manipulation of non-integer high-order harmonic generation

Zhao-Yue Meng(孟昭越)1,2,3, Yun Pan(潘云)4, Jun-Ping Wang(王军平)1,†, and Xi Zhao(赵曦)2   

  1. 1 School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;
    2 School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China;
    3 School of Materials and New Energy, South China Normal University, Shanwei 516625, China;
    4 School of Science, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29 修回日期:2025-07-26 接受日期:2025-08-21 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: Jun-Ping Wang E-mail:wangjp@lnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12304379), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 2024-BS-269), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 025A1515011117).

Optical temporal interference model for investigation and manipulation of non-integer high-order harmonic generation

Zhao-Yue Meng(孟昭越)1,2,3, Yun Pan(潘云)4, Jun-Ping Wang(王军平)1,†, and Xi Zhao(赵曦)2   

  1. 1 School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;
    2 School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China;
    3 School of Materials and New Energy, South China Normal University, Shanwei 516625, China;
    4 School of Science, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
  • Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-07-26 Accepted:2025-08-21 Published:2026-01-27
  • Contact: Jun-Ping Wang E-mail:wangjp@lnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12304379), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 2024-BS-269), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 025A1515011117).

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摘要： High-precision optical frequency measurement serves as a cornerstone of modern science and technology, enabling advancements in fields ranging from fundamental physics to quantum information technologies. Obtaining precise photon frequencies, especially in the ultraviolet or even extreme ultraviolet regimes, is a key goal in both light-matter interaction experiments and engineering applications. High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is an ideal light source for producing such photons. In this work, we propose an optical temporal interference model (OTIM) that establishes an analogy with multi-slit Fraunhofer diffraction (MSFD) to manipulate fine-frequency photon generation by exploiting the temporal coherence of HHG processes. Our model provides a unified physical framework for three distinct non-integer HHG generation schemes: single-pulse, shaped-pulse, and laser pulse train approaches, which correspond to single-MSFD-like, double-MSFD-like, and multi-MSFD-like processes, respectively. Arbitrary non-integer HHG photons can be obtained using our scheme. Our approach provides a new perspective for accurately measuring and controlling photon frequencies in fields such as frequency comb technology, interferometry, and atomic clocks.

关键词: high-order harmonic generation, optical temporal interference, multi-slit Fraunhofer diffraction

Abstract: High-precision optical frequency measurement serves as a cornerstone of modern science and technology, enabling advancements in fields ranging from fundamental physics to quantum information technologies. Obtaining precise photon frequencies, especially in the ultraviolet or even extreme ultraviolet regimes, is a key goal in both light-matter interaction experiments and engineering applications. High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is an ideal light source for producing such photons. In this work, we propose an optical temporal interference model (OTIM) that establishes an analogy with multi-slit Fraunhofer diffraction (MSFD) to manipulate fine-frequency photon generation by exploiting the temporal coherence of HHG processes. Our model provides a unified physical framework for three distinct non-integer HHG generation schemes: single-pulse, shaped-pulse, and laser pulse train approaches, which correspond to single-MSFD-like, double-MSFD-like, and multi-MSFD-like processes, respectively. Arbitrary non-integer HHG photons can be obtained using our scheme. Our approach provides a new perspective for accurately measuring and controlling photon frequencies in fields such as frequency comb technology, interferometry, and atomic clocks.

Key words: high-order harmonic generation, optical temporal interference, multi-slit Fraunhofer diffraction

中图分类号:  (Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation)

  • 42.65.Ky
42.65.Re (Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression)