Nonreciprocal phase shift within zeptosecond temporal scale

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/adf1e8

中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 104201-104201.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adf1e8

所属专题： SPECIAL TOPIC — Ultrafast physics in atomic, molecular and optical systems

Nonreciprocal phase shift within zeptosecond temporal scale

Xiao Han(韩啸)¹ and Shuai Ben(贲帅)^2,†

1 Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin 132013, China;
2 School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-07-04 接受日期:2025-07-19 发布日期:2025-10-15
通讯作者: Shuai Ben E-mail:benshuai@hainanu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12204136) and the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 122QN217).

Nonreciprocal phase shift within zeptosecond temporal scale

Xiao Han(韩啸)¹ and Shuai Ben(贲帅)^2,†

1 Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin 132013, China;
2 School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-07-04 Accepted:2025-07-19 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: Shuai Ben E-mail:benshuai@hainanu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12204136) and the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 122QN217).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： We investigate the zeptosecond-timescale delayed ionization process induced by ultrafast laser propagation in different directions across the molecule. The experimental measurements by Grundmann et al.[Science 370 339 (2020)] serve as a basis for our study, where they extract the birth time delay of photoelectron emission from two nuclei, amounting to a few hundred zeptoseconds. By comparing and analyzing the results, we observe that asymmetric systems, such as the 2p$\sigma $ state of HeH$^{2+}$, exhibit nonequivalent responses to forward and backward laser propagation, resulting in an asymmetric dependence of the interference structure in the photoelectron momentum spectra. This process is considered as an ultrafast nonreciprocal phase shift with zeptosecond resolution. Through computational simulations, we explore the relationship between this kind of ultrafast nonreciprocity effect and molecular orbital symmetry. This study broadens our understanding of nonreciprocal physical mechanisms in the field of strong-field ultrafast dynamics, and provides a theoretical basis for the experimental investigation of the nonreciprocal phase shift within the zeptosecond timescale in the response processes of matter under ultrafast laser irradiation.

关键词: ultrafast nonreciprocal effect, zeptosecond, ultrafast laser, strong field

Abstract: We investigate the zeptosecond-timescale delayed ionization process induced by ultrafast laser propagation in different directions across the molecule. The experimental measurements by Grundmann et al.[Science 370 339 (2020)] serve as a basis for our study, where they extract the birth time delay of photoelectron emission from two nuclei, amounting to a few hundred zeptoseconds. By comparing and analyzing the results, we observe that asymmetric systems, such as the 2p$\sigma $ state of HeH$^{2+}$, exhibit nonequivalent responses to forward and backward laser propagation, resulting in an asymmetric dependence of the interference structure in the photoelectron momentum spectra. This process is considered as an ultrafast nonreciprocal phase shift with zeptosecond resolution. Through computational simulations, we explore the relationship between this kind of ultrafast nonreciprocity effect and molecular orbital symmetry. This study broadens our understanding of nonreciprocal physical mechanisms in the field of strong-field ultrafast dynamics, and provides a theoretical basis for the experimental investigation of the nonreciprocal phase shift within the zeptosecond timescale in the response processes of matter under ultrafast laser irradiation.

Key words: ultrafast nonreciprocal effect, zeptosecond, ultrafast laser, strong field

中图分类号: (Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression)

42.65.Re

87.15.ht (Ultrafast dynamics; charge transfer) 87.15.mn (Photoionization)

Xiao Han(韩啸) and Shuai Ben(贲帅). Nonreciprocal phase shift within zeptosecond temporal scale[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(10): 104201-104201.

Xiao Han(韩啸) and Shuai Ben(贲帅). Nonreciprocal phase shift within zeptosecond temporal scale[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2025, 34(10): 104201-104201.

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Nonreciprocal phase shift within zeptosecond temporal scale

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