Mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/adcf89

中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 90304-090304.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adcf89

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states

Zhigang Shen(沈志冈)^1,†, Yuting Lu(鲁雨婷)^1,†, Yang Yu(余杨)¹, and Shengmei Zhao(赵生妹)^1,2,3,‡

1 Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China;
3 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

收稿日期:2025-03-12 修回日期:2025-04-19 接受日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-08-21 发布日期:2025-09-09
通讯作者: Shengmei Zhao E-mail:zhaosm@njupt.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62375140), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. KYCX24 1191 and SJCX25 0315), and the Open Research Fund of the National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (Grant No. M36055).

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states

Zhigang Shen(沈志冈)^1,†, Yuting Lu(鲁雨婷)^1,†, Yang Yu(余杨)¹, and Shengmei Zhao(赵生妹)^1,2,3,‡

1 Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China;
3 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

Received:2025-03-12 Revised:2025-04-19 Accepted:2025-04-23 Online:2025-08-21 Published:2025-09-09
Contact: Shengmei Zhao E-mail:zhaosm@njupt.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62375140), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. KYCX24 1191 and SJCX25 0315), and the Open Research Fund of the National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (Grant No. M36055).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： A mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states is proposed, named HPCS-PDS-MP-QKD protocol, where the light sources at Alice and Bob sides are changed to heralded pair-coherent sources, and devices designed to implement passive decoy states are included at the transmitter sides to generate the decoy state pulses in the decoy-state window passively. With the defined efficient events and the designed pairing strategy, the key bits and bases can be obtained by data post-processing. Numerical simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed protocol. The results show that the proposed protocol can exceed PLOB when the pairing interval setting is greater than $10^{3}$, and the transmission distance exceeds 200 km. When the key transmission distance reaches 300 km and the maximum pairing interval is equivalent to 1, its performance is improved by nearly 1.8 times compared to the original MP-QKD protocol with a weak coherent source (WCS-MP-QKD), and by 6.8 times higher than that of WCS-MP-QKD with passive decoy states (WCS-PDS-MP-QKD). Meanwhile, the key transmission distance can reach 480 km, and surpasses the WCS-PDS-MP-QKD protocol by nearly 40 km. When the total pulse length is greater than $10^{11}$, the key generation rate is almost equal to that of infinite pulses. It is a promising QKD protocol that breaks the PLOB bound without requiring phase tracking and locking, has a longer transmission distance and a higher key generation rate, and eliminates the potential of side channel attack.

关键词: mode-pairing quantum key distribution, heralded pair-coherent source, passive decoy-state, key generation rate

Abstract: A mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states is proposed, named HPCS-PDS-MP-QKD protocol, where the light sources at Alice and Bob sides are changed to heralded pair-coherent sources, and devices designed to implement passive decoy states are included at the transmitter sides to generate the decoy state pulses in the decoy-state window passively. With the defined efficient events and the designed pairing strategy, the key bits and bases can be obtained by data post-processing. Numerical simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed protocol. The results show that the proposed protocol can exceed PLOB when the pairing interval setting is greater than $10^{3}$, and the transmission distance exceeds 200 km. When the key transmission distance reaches 300 km and the maximum pairing interval is equivalent to 1, its performance is improved by nearly 1.8 times compared to the original MP-QKD protocol with a weak coherent source (WCS-MP-QKD), and by 6.8 times higher than that of WCS-MP-QKD with passive decoy states (WCS-PDS-MP-QKD). Meanwhile, the key transmission distance can reach 480 km, and surpasses the WCS-PDS-MP-QKD protocol by nearly 40 km. When the total pulse length is greater than $10^{11}$, the key generation rate is almost equal to that of infinite pulses. It is a promising QKD protocol that breaks the PLOB bound without requiring phase tracking and locking, has a longer transmission distance and a higher key generation rate, and eliminates the potential of side channel attack.

Key words: mode-pairing quantum key distribution, heralded pair-coherent source, passive decoy-state, key generation rate

中图分类号: (Quantum communication)

03.67.Hk

03.67.Dd (Quantum cryptography and communication security)

Zhigang Shen(沈志冈), Yuting Lu(鲁雨婷), Yang Yu(余杨), and Shengmei Zhao(赵生妹). Mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(9): 90304-090304.

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Mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on heralded pair-coherent source with passive decoy-states

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