Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ac4103

中国物理B ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 40303-040303.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac4103

Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test

Xi Huang(黄曦)^1,2, Yan Chang(昌燕)^1,2, Wen Cheng(程稳)^1,2, Min Hou(侯敏)^1,2, and Shi-Bin Zhang(张仕斌)^1,2,†

1 School of Cybersecurity, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;
2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Advanced Cryptography and System Security, Chengdu 610225, China

收稿日期:2021-09-09 修回日期:2021-10-20 接受日期:2021-12-08 出版日期:2022-03-16 发布日期:2022-03-16
通讯作者: Shi-Bin Zhang E-mail:cuitzsb@cuit.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62076042), the Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2020YFG0307 and 2021YFSY0012), the Key Research and Development Project of Chengdu Municipality, China (Grant No. 2019-YF05-02028-GX), the Innovation Team of Quantum Security Communication of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 17TD0009), and the Academic and Technical Leaders Training Funding Support Projects of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2016120080102643).

Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test

Xi Huang(黄曦)^1,2, Yan Chang(昌燕)^1,2, Wen Cheng(程稳)^1,2, Min Hou(侯敏)^1,2, and Shi-Bin Zhang(张仕斌)^1,2,†

1 School of Cybersecurity, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;
2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Advanced Cryptography and System Security, Chengdu 610225, China

Received:2021-09-09 Revised:2021-10-20 Accepted:2021-12-08 Online:2022-03-16 Published:2022-03-16
Contact: Shi-Bin Zhang E-mail:cuitzsb@cuit.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62076042), the Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2020YFG0307 and 2021YFSY0012), the Key Research and Development Project of Chengdu Municipality, China (Grant No. 2019-YF05-02028-GX), the Innovation Team of Quantum Security Communication of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 17TD0009), and the Academic and Technical Leaders Training Funding Support Projects of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2016120080102643).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： By using swap test, a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol of arbitrary single qubit states with a semi-honest third party is proposed. The semi-honest third party (TP) is required to help two participants perform the comparison. She can record intermediate results and do some calculations in the whole process of the protocol execution, but she cannot conspire with any of participants. In the process of comparison, the TP cannot get two participants' private information except the comparison results. According to the security analysis, the proposed protocol can resist both outsider attacks and participants' attacks. Compared with the existing QPC protocols, the proposed one does not require any entanglement swapping technology, but it can compare two participants' qubits by performing swap test, which is easier to implement with current technology. Meanwhile, the proposed protocol can compare secret integers. It encodes secret integers into the amplitude of quantum state rather than transfer them as binary representations, and the encoded quantum state is compared by performing the swap test. Additionally, the proposed QPC protocol is extended to the QPC of arbitrary single qubit states by using multi-qubit swap test.

关键词: quantum private comparison, arbitrary single qubit states, swap test, quantum cryptography

Abstract: By using swap test, a quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol of arbitrary single qubit states with a semi-honest third party is proposed. The semi-honest third party (TP) is required to help two participants perform the comparison. She can record intermediate results and do some calculations in the whole process of the protocol execution, but she cannot conspire with any of participants. In the process of comparison, the TP cannot get two participants' private information except the comparison results. According to the security analysis, the proposed protocol can resist both outsider attacks and participants' attacks. Compared with the existing QPC protocols, the proposed one does not require any entanglement swapping technology, but it can compare two participants' qubits by performing swap test, which is easier to implement with current technology. Meanwhile, the proposed protocol can compare secret integers. It encodes secret integers into the amplitude of quantum state rather than transfer them as binary representations, and the encoded quantum state is compared by performing the swap test. Additionally, the proposed QPC protocol is extended to the QPC of arbitrary single qubit states by using multi-qubit swap test.

Key words: quantum private comparison, arbitrary single qubit states, swap test, quantum cryptography

中图分类号: (Quantum information)

03.67.-a

03.67.Dd (Quantum cryptography and communication security)

Xi Huang(黄曦), Yan Chang(昌燕), Wen Cheng(程稳), Min Hou(侯敏), and Shi-Bin Zhang(张仕斌). Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(4): 40303-040303.

Xi Huang(黄曦), Yan Chang(昌燕), Wen Cheng(程稳), Min Hou(侯敏), and Shi-Bin Zhang(张仕斌). Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31(4): 40303-040303.

参考文献

[1] Bennett C H and Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on ComputersSystems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India, pp. 175-179
[2] Jiang C, Yu Z W and Wang X B 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 062323
[3] Bai D Y, Huang P and Zhu Y Q and Ma H X 2020 Quantum Inf. Process. 19 53
[4] Li L L, Li J, Chang Y, Yang Y G and Chen X B 2020 Sci. China Inf. Sci. 63 169501
[5] Yang Y G, Li B R, Li D, Chen X B, Zhou Y H and Shi W M 2019 Quantum Inf. Process. 18 322
[6] Li H H, Gong L H and Zhou N R 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 110304
[7] Huang X, Zhang S B, Chang Y, Qiu C, Liu D M and Hou M 2021 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 60 838
[8] Zhao D, Xu G, Chen X B, Liu X and Yang X X 2018 Sci. China Inf. Sci. 61 022501
[9] Du Y T and Bao W S 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 080304
[10] Gao Z K, Li T and Li Z H 2020 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 63 120311
[11] Wang T Y, Wang X X and Cai X Q, Wei C Y and Zhang R L 2021 Quantum Inf. Process. 20 7
[12] Liu L, Niu J L and Fan C R and Feng X T 2020 Quantum Inf. Process. 19 404
[13] Zhou Z R, Sheng Y B, Niu P H, Yin L G, Long G L and Hanzo L 2020 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 63 230362
[14] Rong Z B, Qiu D. W, Mateus P and Zou X F 2021 Quantum Inf. Process. 20 58
[15] Gao X, Chang Y, Zhang S B, Yang F and Zhang Y 2018 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57 1983
[16] Chang Y, Zhang S B, Wan G, Yan L L, Zhang Y and L X Y 2019 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58 2069
[17] Zheng T, Zhang S B, Gao X and Yan C 2019 Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34 1950196
[18] Liu D M, Yan L L, Xu S H, Qiu C and Huang X 2021 Quantum Inf. Process 20 49
[19] Yao A C 1982 Proceedings of 23rd IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS' 82), Washington, DC, USA, p. 160
[20] Boudot F, Schoenmakers B and Traore J 2001 Discrete Appl. Math. 111 23
[21] Yang Y G and Wen Q Y 2009 J. Phys. A:Math. Theor. 42 055305
[22] Yang Y G, Cao W F and Wen Q Y 2009 Phys. Script. 80 065002
[23] Yang Y G, Xia J, Jia X, Shi L and Zhang H 2012 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 10 1250065
[24] Liu B, Gao F, Jia H Y, Huang W, Zhang W W and Wen Q Y 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 887
[25] Chen X B, Su Y, Niu X X and Yang Y X 2014 Quantum Inf. Process. 13 101
[26] He G P 2016 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 15 1750014
[27] Wen L, Wang Y B and Wei C 2012 Commun. Theor. Phys. 57 583
[28] Tseng H Y, Lin J and Hwang T 2012 Quantum Inf. Process. 11 373
[29] Yan L L, Zhang S B, Chang Y, Sheng Z W and Sun Y H 2019 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58 3852
[30] Jiang L Z 2020 Quantum Inf. Process. 19 1
[31] Wang F, Luo M X, Li H R, Qu Z G and Wang X J 2016 Sci. China Inf. Sci. 59 112501
[32] Chen X B, Xu G, Niu X X, Wen Q Y and Yang Y X 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 1561
[33] Lin S, Guo G D and Liu X F 2013 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52 4185
[34] Ji Z X and Ye T Y 2016 Commun. Theor. Phys. 65 711
[35] Ye T Y and Ji Z X 2017 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56 1517
[36] Ji Z X, Zhang H G and Wang H Z 2019 IEEE Access 7 44613
[37] Ji Z X, Zhang H G and Fan P R 2019 Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34 1950229
[38] Xu G A, Chen X B and Wei Z H, Li M J and Yang Y X 2012 Int. J. Quantum. Inf. 10 1250045
[39] Sun Z W and Long D Y 2013 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52 212
[40] Chang Y, Zhang W B, Zhang S B, Wang H C, Yan L L, Han G H, Sheng Z W, Huang Y Y, Suo W and Xiong J X 2016 Commun. Theor. Phys. 66 621
[41] Zha X W, Yu X Y. Cao Y and Wang S K 2018 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57 3874
[42] Li C, Chen X B, Li H, Yang Y G and Li J 2019 Quantum Inf. Process. 18 158
[43] Lo H K 1997 Phys. Rev. A 56 1154
[44] Lin S, Sun Y, Liu X F and Yao Z Q 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 559
[45] Guo F Z, Gao F, Qin S J, Zhang J and Wen Q Y 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 2793
[46] Yu C H, Guo G D and Lin S 2013 Phys. Scripta 88 065013
[47] Ye C Q and Ye T Y 2018 Quantum Inf. Process. 17 252
[48] Song X L, Wen A J and Gou R 2019 IEEE Access 7 142507
[49] Buhrman H, Cleve R Watrous J and Wolf R 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 167902
[50] Kang M S, Choi H W, Pramanik T, Han S W and Moon S 2018 Quantum Inf. Process. 17 254
[51] Zhao J, Zhang Y H, Shao C P, Wu Y C, Guo G C and Guo G P 2019 Phys. Rev. A 100 012334
[52] Shao C 2020 Quantum Inf. Process. 19 102
[53] Li P C and Wang B 2020 Neural Networks 130 152
[54] Li Z H, Wang L J, Xu J P, Yang Y P, M Al-Amri and M Zubairy 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 022336

Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test

Quantum private comparison of arbitrary single qubit states based on swap test

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	Tian-Yi Kou(寇天翊), Bi-Chen Che(车碧琛), Zhao Dou(窦钊), Xiu-Bo Chen(陈秀波), Yu-Ping Lai(赖裕平), and Jian Li(李剑). Efficient quantum private comparison protocol utilizing single photons and rotational encryption[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(6): 60307-060307.
[2]	Jv-Jie Wang(王莒杰), Zhao Dou(窦钊), Xiu-Bo Chen(陈秀波), Yu-Ping Lai(赖裕平), and Jian Li(李剑). Efficient quantum private comparison protocol based on one direction discrete quantum walks on the circle[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(5): 50308-050308.
[3]	Bing Wang(王冰), San-Qiu Liu(刘三秋), and Li-Hua Gong(龚黎华). Semi-quantum private comparison protocol of size relation with d-dimensional GHZ states[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(1): 10302-010302.
[4]	何广平. Coherent attacks on a practical quantum oblivious transfer protocol[J]. 中国物理B, 2018, 27(10): 100308-100308.
[5]	赵学亮, 李俊林, 牛鹏皓, 马鸿洋, 阮东. Two-step quantum secure direct communication scheme with frequency coding[J]. 中国物理B, 2017, 26(3): 30302-030302.
[6]	张盛. Probabilistic direct counterfactual quantum communication[J]. 中国物理B, 2017, 26(2): 20304-020304.
[7]	施荣华, 肖伊, 石金晶, 郭迎,. Anonymous voting for multi-dimensional CV quantum system[J]. 中国物理B, 2016, 25(6): 60301-060301.
[8]	Min-Sung Kang, Chang-Ho Hong, Jino Heo, Jong-In Lim, Hyung-Jin Yang. Controlled mutual quantum entity authentication using entanglement swapping[J]. 中国物理B, 2015, 24(9): 90306-090306.
[9]	黄伟, 温巧燕, 刘斌, 高飞. Multi-user quantum key distribution with collective eavesdropping detection over collective-noise channels[J]. 中国物理B, 2015, 24(7): 70308-070308.
[10]	徐淑奖, 陈秀波, 钮心忻, 杨义光. Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via GHZ₄ state[J]. 中国物理B, 2013, 22(6): 60307-060307.
[11]	Kao Shih-Hung, Hwang Tzonelih. Cryptanalysis and improvement of the controlled secure direct communication[J]. 中国物理B, 2013, 22(6): 60308-060308.
[12]	张盛, 王剑, 唐朝京. Security proof of counterfactual quantum cryptography against general intercept-resend attacks and its vulnerability[J]. 中国物理B, 2012, 21(6): 60303-060303.
[13]	李伟, 范明钰, 王光卫. Arbitrated quantum signature scheme based on entanglement swapping with signer anonymity[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2012, 21(12): 120305-120305.
[14]	黄伟, 温巧燕, 贾恒越, 秦素娟, 高飞. Fault tolerant quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption against collective noise[J]. 中国物理B, 2012, 21(10): 100308-100308.
[15]	秦素娟, 温巧燕. Improving the security of secure deterministic communication scheme based on quantum remote state preparation[J]. 中国物理B, 2010, 19(2): 20310-020310.