Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/abeb0f

中国物理B ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 50302-050302.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/abeb0f

Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter

Dong-Yang Wang(王冬阳)¹, Jun-Jie Wu(吴俊杰)^1,†, Yi-Zhi Wang(王易之)¹, Yong Liu(刘雍)^1,2, An-Qi Huang(黄安琪)¹, Chun-Lin Yu(于春霖)³, and Xue-Jun Yang(杨学军)¹

1 Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
2 College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an 710006, China;
3 China Greatwall Quantum Laboratory, China Greatwall Technology Group CO., LTD., Changsha 410073, China

收稿日期:2020-12-23 修回日期:2021-02-27 接受日期:2021-03-02 出版日期:2021-05-14 发布日期:2021-05-14
通讯作者: Jun-Jie Wu E-mail:junjiewu@nudt.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61632021).

Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter

Dong-Yang Wang(王冬阳)¹, Jun-Jie Wu(吴俊杰)^1,†, Yi-Zhi Wang(王易之)¹, Yong Liu(刘雍)^1,2, An-Qi Huang(黄安琪)¹, Chun-Lin Yu(于春霖)³, and Xue-Jun Yang(杨学军)¹

1 Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
2 College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an 710006, China;
3 China Greatwall Quantum Laboratory, China Greatwall Technology Group CO., LTD., Changsha 410073, China

Received:2020-12-23 Revised:2021-02-27 Accepted:2021-03-02 Online:2021-05-14 Published:2021-05-14
Contact: Jun-Jie Wu E-mail:junjiewu@nudt.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61632021).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The wave-particle duality relation derived by Englert sets an upper bound of the extractable information from wave and particle properties in a two-path interferometer. Surprisingly, previous studies demonstrated that the introduction of a quantum beamsplitter in the interferometer could break the limitation of this upper bound, due to interference between wave and particle states. Along the other line, a lot of efforts have been made to generalize this relation from the two-path setup to the N-path case. Thus, it is an interesting question that whether a quantum N-path beamsplitter can break the limitation as well. This paper systemically studies the model of a quantum N-path beamsplitter, and finds that the generalized wave-particle duality relation between interference visibility and path distinguishability is also broken in certain situations. We further study the maximal extractable information's reliance on the interference between wave and particle properties, and derive a quantitative description. We then propose an experimental methodology to verify the break of the limitation. Our work reflects the effect of quantum superposition on wave-particle duality, and exhibits a new aspect of the relation between visibility and path distinguishability in N-path interference. Moreover, it implies the observer's influence on wave-particle duality.

关键词: wave-particle duality, interference visibility, path distinguishability, quantum N-path beamsplitter

Abstract: The wave-particle duality relation derived by Englert sets an upper bound of the extractable information from wave and particle properties in a two-path interferometer. Surprisingly, previous studies demonstrated that the introduction of a quantum beamsplitter in the interferometer could break the limitation of this upper bound, due to interference between wave and particle states. Along the other line, a lot of efforts have been made to generalize this relation from the two-path setup to the N-path case. Thus, it is an interesting question that whether a quantum N-path beamsplitter can break the limitation as well. This paper systemically studies the model of a quantum N-path beamsplitter, and finds that the generalized wave-particle duality relation between interference visibility and path distinguishability is also broken in certain situations. We further study the maximal extractable information's reliance on the interference between wave and particle properties, and derive a quantitative description. We then propose an experimental methodology to verify the break of the limitation. Our work reflects the effect of quantum superposition on wave-particle duality, and exhibits a new aspect of the relation between visibility and path distinguishability in N-path interference. Moreover, it implies the observer's influence on wave-particle duality.

Key words: wave-particle duality, interference visibility, path distinguishability, quantum N-path beamsplitter

中图分类号: (Quantum mechanics)

03.65.-w

42.50.Xa (Optical tests of quantum theory) 03.65.Ta (Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory)

Dong-Yang Wang(王冬阳), Jun-Jie Wu(吴俊杰), Yi-Zhi Wang(王易之), Yong Liu(刘雍), An-Qi Huang(黄安琪), Chun-Lin Yu(于春霖), and Xue-Jun Yang(杨学军). Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter[J]. 中国物理B, 2021, 30(5): 50302-050302.

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Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter

Wave-particle duality relation with a quantum N-path beamsplitter

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