Three-party semi-quantum dialogue enhanced with Grover’s algorithm based encoding and hypergraph access control

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae7274

中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 70306-070306.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae7274

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Three-party semi-quantum dialogue enhanced with Grover’s algorithm based encoding and hypergraph access control

Rui Tao(陶瑞), Jin-Zhe Jiang(蒋晋喆), and Zhi-Hua Zhang(章志华)†

School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Jiangyin 214400, China

收稿日期:2026-02-03 修回日期:2026-05-24 接受日期:2026-05-26 发布日期:2026-07-07
通讯作者: Zhi-Hua Zhang E-mail:zhzhang@njust.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12201300) and the Nanjing University of Science and Technology Undergraduate Innovation Training Program (Grant No. S202510288017).

Three-party semi-quantum dialogue enhanced with Grover’s algorithm based encoding and hypergraph access control

Rui Tao(陶瑞), Jin-Zhe Jiang(蒋晋喆), and Zhi-Hua Zhang(章志华)†

School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Jiangyin 214400, China

Received:2026-02-03 Revised:2026-05-24 Accepted:2026-05-26 Published:2026-07-07
Contact: Zhi-Hua Zhang E-mail:zhzhang@njust.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12201300) and the Nanjing University of Science and Technology Undergraduate Innovation Training Program (Grant No. S202510288017).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： We introduce a new three-party semi-quantum dialogue (3P-SQD) protocol that combines GHZ-state-based semi-quantum communication, a Grover's algorithm-driven 2-bit encoding scheme, and hypergraph-based access control. In each round, the fully quantum participant Alice sends two bits, whereas the semi-quantum participants Bob and Charlie, restricted to semi-quantum operations such as measurements in the computational basis and reflection, each transmit one bit. The protocol incorporates probe state checking, Grover's algorithm-based encoding, and hypergraph-based authorization. It achieves information-theoretic security and controlled access, while preserving high message throughput and imposing no additional requirements on the semi-quantum users.

关键词: semi-quantum dialogue, Grover's algorithm based encoding, hypergraph access structure, quantum communication

Abstract: We introduce a new three-party semi-quantum dialogue (3P-SQD) protocol that combines GHZ-state-based semi-quantum communication, a Grover's algorithm-driven 2-bit encoding scheme, and hypergraph-based access control. In each round, the fully quantum participant Alice sends two bits, whereas the semi-quantum participants Bob and Charlie, restricted to semi-quantum operations such as measurements in the computational basis and reflection, each transmit one bit. The protocol incorporates probe state checking, Grover's algorithm-based encoding, and hypergraph-based authorization. It achieves information-theoretic security and controlled access, while preserving high message throughput and imposing no additional requirements on the semi-quantum users.

Key words: semi-quantum dialogue, Grover's algorithm based encoding, hypergraph access structure, quantum communication

中图分类号: (Quantum information)

03.67.-a

03.67.Ac (Quantum algorithms, protocols, and simulations) 03.67.Hk (Quantum communication)

Rui Tao(陶瑞), Jin-Zhe Jiang(蒋晋喆), and Zhi-Hua Zhang(章志华). Three-party semi-quantum dialogue enhanced with Grover’s algorithm based encoding and hypergraph access control[J]. 中国物理B, 2026, 35(7): 70306-070306.

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Three-party semi-quantum dialogue enhanced with Grover’s algorithm based encoding and hypergraph access control

Three-party semi-quantum dialogue enhanced with Grover’s algorithm based encoding and hypergraph access control

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