Multicast-oriented key provision in hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/adecf8

中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 90301-090301.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adecf8

所属专题： SPECIAL TOPIC — Quantum communication and quantum network

Multicast-oriented key provision in hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks

Xinyu Chen(陈欣宇)¹, Yuan Cao(曹原)^1,†, Yuxiang Lu(陆宇翔)¹, Yue Chen(陈越)¹, Kunpeng Zheng(郑昆朋)², Xiaosong Yu(郁小松)², Yongli Zhao(赵永利)², Jie Zhang(张杰)², and Qin Wang(王琴)¹

1 School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;
2 State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

收稿日期:2025-04-25 修回日期:2025-06-16 接受日期:2025-07-08 出版日期:2025-08-21 发布日期:2025-09-09
通讯作者: Yuan Cao E-mail:yuancao@njupt.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62201276, 62350001, U22B2026, and 62425105), the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0300701), and the Key R&D Program (Industry Foresight and Key Core Technologies) of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BE2022071).

Multicast-oriented key provision in hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks

1 School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;
2 State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

Received:2025-04-25 Revised:2025-06-16 Accepted:2025-07-08 Online:2025-08-21 Published:2025-09-09
Contact: Yuan Cao E-mail:yuancao@njupt.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62201276, 62350001, U22B2026, and 62425105), the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0300701), and the Key R&D Program (Industry Foresight and Key Core Technologies) of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BE2022071).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： As the cornerstone of future information security, quantum key distribution (QKD) is evolving towards large-scale hybrid discrete-variable/continuous-variable (DV/CV) multi-domain quantum networks. Meanwhile, multicast-oriented multi-party key negotiation is attracting increasing attention in quantum networks. However, the efficient key provision for multicast services over hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks remains challenging, due to the limited probability of service success and the inefficient utilization of key resources. Targeting these challenges, this study proposes two key-resource-aware multicast-oriented key provision strategies, namely the link distance-resource balanced key provision strategy and the maximum shared link key provision strategy. The proposed strategies are applicable to hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks, which are typically implemented by GG02-based intra-domain connections and BB84-based inter-domain connections. Furthermore, the multicast-oriented key provision model is formulated, based on which two heuristic algorithms are designed, i.e., the shared link distance-resource (SLDR) dependent and the maximum shared link distance-resource (MSLDR) dependent multicast-oriented key provision algorithms. Simulation results verify the applicability of the designed algorithms across different multi-domain quantum networks, and demonstrate their superiority over the benchmark algorithms in terms of the success probability of multicast service requests, the number of shared links, and the key resource utilization.

关键词: quantum networks, discrete-variable (DV), continuous-variable (CV), key provision, multicast services

Abstract: As the cornerstone of future information security, quantum key distribution (QKD) is evolving towards large-scale hybrid discrete-variable/continuous-variable (DV/CV) multi-domain quantum networks. Meanwhile, multicast-oriented multi-party key negotiation is attracting increasing attention in quantum networks. However, the efficient key provision for multicast services over hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks remains challenging, due to the limited probability of service success and the inefficient utilization of key resources. Targeting these challenges, this study proposes two key-resource-aware multicast-oriented key provision strategies, namely the link distance-resource balanced key provision strategy and the maximum shared link key provision strategy. The proposed strategies are applicable to hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks, which are typically implemented by GG02-based intra-domain connections and BB84-based inter-domain connections. Furthermore, the multicast-oriented key provision model is formulated, based on which two heuristic algorithms are designed, i.e., the shared link distance-resource (SLDR) dependent and the maximum shared link distance-resource (MSLDR) dependent multicast-oriented key provision algorithms. Simulation results verify the applicability of the designed algorithms across different multi-domain quantum networks, and demonstrate their superiority over the benchmark algorithms in terms of the success probability of multicast service requests, the number of shared links, and the key resource utilization.

Key words: quantum networks, discrete-variable (DV), continuous-variable (CV), key provision, multicast services

中图分类号: (Quantum mechanics)

03.65.-w

03.67.Hk (Quantum communication) 42.50.Ex (Optical implementations of quantum information processing and transfer) 42.79.Sz (Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers?)

Xinyu Chen(陈欣宇), Yuan Cao(曹原), Yuxiang Lu(陆宇翔), Yue Chen(陈越), Kunpeng Zheng(郑昆朋), Xiaosong Yu(郁小松), Yongli Zhao(赵永利), Jie Zhang(张杰), and Qin Wang(王琴). Multicast-oriented key provision in hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(9): 90301-090301.

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Multicast-oriented key provision in hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks

Multicast-oriented key provision in hybrid DV/CV multi-domain quantum networks

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