中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 68901-068901.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc7ec

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Understanding subway passenger alighting and boarding dynamics: Experiments and modelling

Chenrui Xuan(宣陈锐)1, Yuxin Li(李雨欣)1, Yu Wang(汪裕)1,3, Eric Wai Ming Lee(李伟明)2, Yi Ma(马毅)1, and Wei Xie(谢玮)1,†   

  1. 1 Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China;
    2 Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China;
    3 College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-28 修回日期:2025-03-27 接受日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2025-05-16 发布日期:2025-06-06
  • 通讯作者: Wei Xie E-mail:xie wei@scu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72301184), the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China (Grant No. 2024NSFSC1073), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. YJ202329).

Understanding subway passenger alighting and boarding dynamics: Experiments and modelling

Chenrui Xuan(宣陈锐)1, Yuxin Li(李雨欣)1, Yu Wang(汪裕)1,3, Eric Wai Ming Lee(李伟明)2, Yi Ma(马毅)1, and Wei Xie(谢玮)1,†   

  1. 1 Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China;
    2 Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China;
    3 College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • Received:2024-12-28 Revised:2025-03-27 Accepted:2025-04-02 Online:2025-05-16 Published:2025-06-06
  • Contact: Wei Xie E-mail:xie wei@scu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72301184), the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China (Grant No. 2024NSFSC1073), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. YJ202329).

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摘要： Efficiency and safety are paramount concerns for commuters, operators, and designers in subway stations. This study conducted controlled experiments and developed a modified force-based model to investigate the dynamics of pedestrian counterflow at bottlenecks, utilizing subway passenger alighting and boarding as a case study. Specifically, the efficiency and safety of three distinct movement modes: the cooperative mode (Coop), the combination of cooperative and competitive mode (C & C), and the competitive mode (Comp), were examined and compared. The experimental findings revealed that the C & C mode exhibited a clear lane formation phenomenon and demonstrated a higher flow rate than the Comp and Coop modes. This observation suggests that a combination of cooperative and competitive behaviors among pedestrians can positively enhance traffic efficiency and safety during the alighting and boarding process. In contrast, pedestrians exhibited increased detouring in their paths and more fluctuating trajectories in the Comp mode. Additionally, a questionnaire survey assessing the level of competition and cooperation among pedestrians provided a comprehensive analysis of the psychological dynamics of passengers during the alighting and boarding activities. Lastly, the proposed force-based model was calibrated and validated, demonstrating a good performance in accurately replicating the overall characteristics of the experimental process. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into enhancing the pedestrian traffic efficiency and safety within subway systems.

关键词: pedestrian dynamics, travel behavior, alighting and boarding, subways, force-based model

Abstract: Efficiency and safety are paramount concerns for commuters, operators, and designers in subway stations. This study conducted controlled experiments and developed a modified force-based model to investigate the dynamics of pedestrian counterflow at bottlenecks, utilizing subway passenger alighting and boarding as a case study. Specifically, the efficiency and safety of three distinct movement modes: the cooperative mode (Coop), the combination of cooperative and competitive mode (C & C), and the competitive mode (Comp), were examined and compared. The experimental findings revealed that the C & C mode exhibited a clear lane formation phenomenon and demonstrated a higher flow rate than the Comp and Coop modes. This observation suggests that a combination of cooperative and competitive behaviors among pedestrians can positively enhance traffic efficiency and safety during the alighting and boarding process. In contrast, pedestrians exhibited increased detouring in their paths and more fluctuating trajectories in the Comp mode. Additionally, a questionnaire survey assessing the level of competition and cooperation among pedestrians provided a comprehensive analysis of the psychological dynamics of passengers during the alighting and boarding activities. Lastly, the proposed force-based model was calibrated and validated, demonstrating a good performance in accurately replicating the overall characteristics of the experimental process. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into enhancing the pedestrian traffic efficiency and safety within subway systems.

Key words: pedestrian dynamics, travel behavior, alighting and boarding, subways, force-based model

中图分类号:  (Transportation)

  • 89.40.-a
01.50.Pa (Laboratory experiments and apparatus) 45.70.Vn (Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow) 07.05.Tp (Computer modeling and simulation)