Photoelectron momentum distributions of triatomic CO2 molecules by circularly polarized attosecond pulses

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad6b81

中国物理B ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 103301-103301.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ad6b81

Photoelectron momentum distributions of triatomic CO₂ molecules by circularly polarized attosecond pulses

Si-Qi Zhang(张思琪)^1,2, Jun Zhang(张军)¹, Xin-Yu Hao(郝欣宇)¹, Jing Guo(郭静)^1,†, Aihua Liu(刘爱华)^1,‡, and Xue-Shen Liu(刘学深)^1,§

1 Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
2 School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

收稿日期:2024-04-18 修回日期:2024-07-16 接受日期:2024-08-06 发布日期:2024-09-19
通讯作者: Jing Guo, Aihua Liu, Xue-Shen Liu E-mail:gjing@jlu.edu.cn;aihualiu@jlu.edu.cn;liuxs@jlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11974007, 12074146, 12074142, 61575077, 12374265, 11947243, 91850114, and 11774131) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China (Grant No. 20220101016JC).

Photoelectron momentum distributions of triatomic CO₂ molecules by circularly polarized attosecond pulses

Si-Qi Zhang(张思琪)^1,2, Jun Zhang(张军)¹, Xin-Yu Hao(郝欣宇)¹, Jing Guo(郭静)^1,†, Aihua Liu(刘爱华)^1,‡, and Xue-Shen Liu(刘学深)^1,§

1 Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
2 School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Received:2024-04-18 Revised:2024-07-16 Accepted:2024-08-06 Published:2024-09-19
Contact: Jing Guo, Aihua Liu, Xue-Shen Liu E-mail:gjing@jlu.edu.cn;aihualiu@jlu.edu.cn;liuxs@jlu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11974007, 12074146, 12074142, 61575077, 12374265, 11947243, 91850114, and 11774131) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China (Grant No. 20220101016JC).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distributions (MF-PMDs) have been studied for imaging molecular structures. We investigate the MF-PMDs of CO$_{2}$ molecules exposed to circularly polarized (CP) attosecond laser pulses by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equations based on the single-active-electron approximation frames. Results show that high-frequency photons lead to photoelectron diffraction patterns, indicating molecular orbitals. These diffraction patterns can be illustrated by the ultrafast photoionization models. However, for the driving pulses with 30 nm, a deviation between MF-PMDs and theoretically predicted results of the ultrafast photoionization models is produced because the Coulomb effect strongly influences the molecular photoionization. Meanwhile, the MF-PMDs rotate in the same direction as the helicity of driving laser pulses. Our results also demonstrate that the MF-PMDs in a CP laser pulse are the superposition of those in the parallel and perpendicular linearly polarized cases. The simulations efficiently visualize molecular orbital geometries and structures by ultrafast photoelectron imaging. Furthermore, we determine the contribution of HOMO and HOMO-1 orbitals to ionization by varying the relative phase and the ratio of these two orbitals.

关键词: molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distributions, single-active-electron approximation frames, ultrafast photoionization models

Abstract: Molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distributions (MF-PMDs) have been studied for imaging molecular structures. We investigate the MF-PMDs of CO$_{2}$ molecules exposed to circularly polarized (CP) attosecond laser pulses by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equations based on the single-active-electron approximation frames. Results show that high-frequency photons lead to photoelectron diffraction patterns, indicating molecular orbitals. These diffraction patterns can be illustrated by the ultrafast photoionization models. However, for the driving pulses with 30 nm, a deviation between MF-PMDs and theoretically predicted results of the ultrafast photoionization models is produced because the Coulomb effect strongly influences the molecular photoionization. Meanwhile, the MF-PMDs rotate in the same direction as the helicity of driving laser pulses. Our results also demonstrate that the MF-PMDs in a CP laser pulse are the superposition of those in the parallel and perpendicular linearly polarized cases. The simulations efficiently visualize molecular orbital geometries and structures by ultrafast photoelectron imaging. Furthermore, we determine the contribution of HOMO and HOMO-1 orbitals to ionization by varying the relative phase and the ratio of these two orbitals.

Key words: molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distributions, single-active-electron approximation frames, ultrafast photoionization models

中图分类号: (Photon interactions with molecules)

33.80.-b

42.65.Re (Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression) 33.20.Xx (Spectra induced by strong-field or attosecond laser irradiation)

Si-Qi Zhang(张思琪), Jun Zhang(张军), Xin-Yu Hao(郝欣宇), Jing Guo(郭静), Aihua Liu(刘爱华), and Xue-Shen Liu(刘学深). Photoelectron momentum distributions of triatomic CO₂ molecules by circularly polarized attosecond pulses[J]. 中国物理B, 2024, 33(10): 103301-103301.

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Photoelectron momentum distributions of triatomic CO₂ molecules by circularly polarized attosecond pulses

Photoelectron momentum distributions of triatomic CO₂ molecules by circularly polarized attosecond pulses

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