Preparation and cooling performance analysis of double-layer radiative cooling hybrid coatings with TiO2/SiO2/Si3N4 micron particles

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/acdac0

中国物理B ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 114401-114401.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/acdac0

Preparation and cooling performance analysis of double-layer radiative cooling hybrid coatings with TiO₂/SiO₂/Si₃N₄ micron particles

Yang-Chun Zhao(赵洋春) and Yong-Min Zhou(周勇敏)^†

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

收稿日期:2023-03-03 修回日期:2023-05-18 接受日期:2023-06-02 出版日期:2023-10-16 发布日期:2023-10-24
通讯作者: Yong-Min Zhou E-mail:yongminzhou@njtech.edu.cn

Preparation and cooling performance analysis of double-layer radiative cooling hybrid coatings with TiO₂/SiO₂/Si₃N₄ micron particles

Yang-Chun Zhao(赵洋春) and Yong-Min Zhou(周勇敏)^†

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

Received:2023-03-03 Revised:2023-05-18 Accepted:2023-06-02 Online:2023-10-16 Published:2023-10-24
Contact: Yong-Min Zhou E-mail:yongminzhou@njtech.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Passive daytime radiative cooling is achieved by radiating heat into outer space through electromagnetic waves without energy consumption. A scalable double-layer coating with a mixture of TiO₂, SiO₂, and Si₃N₄ micron particles for radiative cooling is proposed in this study. The finite-difference time-domain algorithm is used to analyze the influence of particle size and coating thickness on radiative cooling performance. The results of the simulation show that the particle size of 3 μ can give the best cooling performance, and the coating thickness should be above 25 μ m for SiO₂ coating. Meanwhile, the mixture of SiO₂ and Si₃N₄ significantly improves the overall emissivity. Through sample preparation and characterization, the mixture coating with a 1:1 ratio addition on an Al substrate exhibits high reflectivity with a value of 87.6% in the solar spectrum, and an average emissivity of 92% in the infrared region (2.5 μ m-15 μ m), which can be attributed to the synergy among the optical properties of the material. Both coatings can theoretically be cooled by about 8 °C during the day and about 21 °C at nighttime with h_c=4 W·m^-2·K^-1. Furthermore, even considering the significant conduction and convection exchanges, the cooling effect persists. Outdoor experimental results show that the temperature of the double-layer radiative cooling coating is always lower than the ambient temperature under direct sunlight during the day, and can be cooled by about 5 °C on average, while lower than the temperature of the aluminum film by almost 12 °C.

关键词: radiative cooling, coatings, thermal radiation, infrared emissivity

Abstract: Passive daytime radiative cooling is achieved by radiating heat into outer space through electromagnetic waves without energy consumption. A scalable double-layer coating with a mixture of TiO₂, SiO₂, and Si₃N₄ micron particles for radiative cooling is proposed in this study. The finite-difference time-domain algorithm is used to analyze the influence of particle size and coating thickness on radiative cooling performance. The results of the simulation show that the particle size of 3 μ can give the best cooling performance, and the coating thickness should be above 25 μ m for SiO₂ coating. Meanwhile, the mixture of SiO₂ and Si₃N₄ significantly improves the overall emissivity. Through sample preparation and characterization, the mixture coating with a 1:1 ratio addition on an Al substrate exhibits high reflectivity with a value of 87.6% in the solar spectrum, and an average emissivity of 92% in the infrared region (2.5 μ m-15 μ m), which can be attributed to the synergy among the optical properties of the material. Both coatings can theoretically be cooled by about 8 °C during the day and about 21 °C at nighttime with h_c=4 W·m^-2·K^-1. Furthermore, even considering the significant conduction and convection exchanges, the cooling effect persists. Outdoor experimental results show that the temperature of the double-layer radiative cooling coating is always lower than the ambient temperature under direct sunlight during the day, and can be cooled by about 5 °C on average, while lower than the temperature of the aluminum film by almost 12 °C.

Key words: radiative cooling, coatings, thermal radiation, infrared emissivity

中图分类号: (Thermal radiation)

44.40.+a

42.79.Wc (Optical coatings) 03.65.Nk (Scattering theory)

Yang-Chun Zhao(赵洋春) and Yong-Min Zhou(周勇敏). Preparation and cooling performance analysis of double-layer radiative cooling hybrid coatings with TiO₂/SiO₂/Si₃N₄ micron particles[J]. 中国物理B, 2023, 32(11): 114401-114401.

参考文献

[1] Guo C L, Liu C, Jiao S K, Wang R S and Rao Z H 2020 Appl. Therm. Eng. 173 115207
[2] Zhou Y K, Zheng S Q and Zhang G Q 2020 Energy 192 116608
[3] Bhatia B, Leroy A, Shen Y, Zhao L, Gianello M, Li D, Gu T, Hu J, Soljačić M and Wang E N 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 5001
[4] Mandal J, Fu Y, Overvig A C, Jia M, Sun K, Shi N N, Zhou H, Xiao X, Yu N and Yang Y 2018 Science 362 315
[5] Miyazaki H, Okada K, Jinno K and Ota T 2016 J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 124 1185
[6] Granqvist C G and Hjortsberg A 1981 J. Appl. Phys. 52 4205
[7] Gentle A R and Smith G B 2010 Nano Lett. 10 373
[8] Miyazaki H, Yoshida S, Sato Y, Suzuki H and Ota T 2013 J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 121 242
[9] Lushiku E M, Hjortsberg A and Granqvist C G 1982 J. Appl. Phys. 53 5526
[10] Lushiku E M and Granqvist C G 1984 Appl. Opt. 23 1835
[11] Harrison A W and Walton M R 1978 Sol. Energy 20 185
[12] NilssonI T M J, Niklasson G A and Granqvist C G 1992 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 28 175
[13] Nilsson T M J and Niklasson G A 1995 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 37 93
[14] Bao H, Yan C, Wang B X, Fang X, Zhao C Y and Ruan X L 2017 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 168 78
[15] Huang Z F and Ruan X L 2017 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 104 890
[16] Peoples J, Li X Y, Lv Y B, Qiu J, Huang Z F and Ruan X L 2019 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 131 487
[17] Xu Z, Li N, Liu D, Huang X, Wang J, Wu W, Zhang H, Liu H, Zhang Z and Zhong M 2018 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 185 536
[18] Diatezua D M, Thiry P A, Dereux A and Caudano R 1996 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 40 253
[19] Zhu L, Raman A and Fan S 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 223902
[20] Zhu L X, Raman A, Wang K X, Anoma M A and Fan S H 2014 Optica 1 32
[21] Raman A P, Anoma M A, Zhu L, Rephaeli E and Fan S 2014 Nature 515 540
[22] Hossain M M, Jia B H and Gu M 2015 Adv. Opt. Mater. 3 1047
[23] Wu J Y, Gong Y Z, Huang P R, Ma G J and Dai Q F 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 104201
[24] Huang J G, Xuan Y M and Li Q 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. 31 094207
[25] Tang H J, Zhou Z H, Jiao S F, Zhang Y F, Li S, Zhang D B, Zhang J, Liu J W and Zhao D L 2022 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 235 111498
[26] Gentle A R and Smith G B 2016 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 150 39
[27] Smith G B, Gentle A, Swift P, Earp A and Mronga N 2003 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 79 163
[28] Bathgate S N and Bosi S G 2011 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2778
[29] Dyachenko P N, Do Rosário J J, Leib E W, Petrov A Y, Kubrin R, Schneider G A, Weller H, Vossmeyer T and Eich M 2014 ACS Photon. 1 1127
[30] Chae D, Lim H, So S, Son S, Ju S, Kim W, Rho J and Lee H 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 13 21119
[31] Vargas W E 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 4079
[32] Palik E D 1985 Handbook of Optical Conctants of Solids (San Diego:Academic Press) pp. 719-772
[33] Yao H W, Wang X X, Yin H Y, Jia Y L, Gao Y, Wang J Q and Fan C Z 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 064214
[34] Meng S, Long L S, Wu Z X, Denisuk N, Yang Y, Wang L P, Cao F and Zhu Y G 2020 Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells 208 110393
[35] Song X H, Gao Y F and Zhang P 2022 J. Mater. Chem. A 10 22166
[36] Duffie J A and Beckman W A 2013 Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, fourth edn. (New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons Inc) p. 164
[37] Zhang Y L and Yu J 2021 ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 4 11260

Preparation and cooling performance analysis of double-layer radiative cooling hybrid coatings with TiO₂/SiO₂/Si₃N₄ micron particles

Preparation and cooling performance analysis of double-layer radiative cooling hybrid coatings with TiO₂/SiO₂/Si₃N₄ micron particles

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	Shenshen Yan(闫申申), Yan Liu(刘岩), Zi Wang(王子), Xiaohua Lan(兰晓华), Yi Wang(汪毅), and Jie Ren(任捷). Designing radiative cooling metamaterials for passive thermal management by particle swarm optimization[J]. 中国物理B, 2023, 32(5): 57802-057802.
[2]	Wenjia Yuan(袁文佳), Weidong Shen(沈伟东), Chen Xie(谢辰), Chenying Yang(杨陈楹), and Yueguang Zhang(章岳光). High-dispersive mirror for pulse stretcher in femtosecond fiber laser amplification system[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(8): 87801-087801.
[3]	Lihong Shi(史丽弘) and Jiebin Peng(彭洁彬). Tuning infrared absorption in hyperbolic polaritons coated silk fibril composite[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(11): 114401-114401.
[4]	Huawei Yao(姚华伟), Xiaoxia Wang(王晓霞), Huaiyuan Yin(殷怀远), Yuanlin Jia(贾渊琳), Yong Gao(高勇), Junqiao Wang(王俊俏), and Chunzhen Fan(范春珍). Efficient realization of daytime radiative cooling with hollow zigzag SiO₂ metamaterials[J]. 中国物理B, 2021, 30(6): 64214-064214.
[5]	陈思衡, 王晓雄, 乜广弟, 刘奇, 隋金霞, 宋超, 朱建伟, 付洁, 张君诚, 闫旭, 龙云泽. Infrared cooling properties of cordierite[J]. 中国物理B, 2019, 28(6): 64401-064401.
[6]	刘华松, 杨霄, 王利栓, 焦宏飞, 季一勤, 张锋, 刘丹丹, 姜承慧, 姜玉刚, 陈德应. Accuracy design of ultra-low residual reflection coatingsfor laser optics[J]. 中国物理B, 2017, 26(7): 77801-077801.
[7]	吕起鹏, 邓淞文, 张绍骞, 公发全, 李刚. Fabrication of broadband antireflection coatings using broadband optical monitoring mixed with time monitoring[J]. 中国物理B, 2017, 26(5): 57801-057801.
[8]	吴嘉野, 龚远志, 黄培然, 马根骏, 戴峭峰. Diurnal cooling for continuous thermal sources under direct subtropical sunlight produced by quasi-Cantor structure[J]. 中国物理B, 2017, 26(10): 104201-104201.
[9]	Tasawar Hayat, Ikram Ullah, Taseer Muhammad, Ahmed Alsaedi, Sabir Ali Shehzad. Three-dimensional flow of Powell-Eyring nanofluid with heat and mass flux boundary conditions[J]. 中国物理B, 2016, 25(7): 74701-074701.
[10]	何超, 刘智, 成步文. Room temperature direct-bandgap electroluminescence from a horizontal Ge ridge waveguide on Si[J]. 中国物理B, 2016, 25(12): 126104-126104.
[11]	刘嵩, 刘世炳. Spectral enhancement of thermal radiation by laser fabricating grating structure on nickel surface[J]. 中国物理B, 2015, 24(5): 54401-054401.
[12]	田浩, 刘海韬, 程海峰. A thin radar-infrared stealth-compatible structure：Design, fabrication, and characterization[J]. 中国物理B, 2014, 23(2): 25201-025201.
[13]	Swati Mukhopadhyay, Iswar Ch, ra Moindal, Tasawar Hayat. MHD boundary layer flow of Casson fluid passing through an exponentially stretching permeable surface with thermal radiation[J]. , 2014, 23(10): 104701-104701.
[14]	Swati Mukhopadhyay. Dual solutions in boundary layer flow of a moving fluid over a moving permeable surface in presence of prescribed surface temperature and thermal radiation[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23(1): 14702-014702.
[15]	周兵, 程雪涛, 梁新刚. A comparison of different entransy flow definitions and entropy generation in thermal radiation optimization[J]. 中国物理B, 2013, 22(8): 84401-084401.