中国物理B ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 90306-090306.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac7b1e

所属专题： TOPICAL REVIEW — Celebrating 30 Years of Chinese Physics B

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An overview of quantum error mitigation formulas

Dayue Qin(秦大粤), Xiaosi Xu(徐晓思), and Ying Li(李颖)†   

  1. Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-24 修回日期:2022-06-21 接受日期:2022-06-22 出版日期:2022-08-19 发布日期:2022-08-24
  • 通讯作者: Ying Li E-mail:yli@gscaep.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11875050 and 12088101) and NSAF (Grant No. U1930403).

An overview of quantum error mitigation formulas

Dayue Qin(秦大粤), Xiaosi Xu(徐晓思), and Ying Li(李颖)†   

  1. Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2022-04-24 Revised:2022-06-21 Accepted:2022-06-22 Online:2022-08-19 Published:2022-08-24
  • Contact: Ying Li E-mail:yli@gscaep.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11875050 and 12088101) and NSAF (Grant No. U1930403).

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摘要： Minimizing the effect of noise is essential for quantum computers. The conventional method to protect qubits against noise is through quantum error correction. However, for current quantum hardware in the so-called noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, noise presents in these systems and is too high for error correction to be beneficial. Quantum error mitigation is a set of alternative methods for minimizing errors, including error extrapolation, probabilistic error cancellation, measurement error mitigation, subspace expansion, symmetry verification, virtual distillation, etc. The requirement for these methods is usually less demanding than error correction. Quantum error mitigation is a promising way of reducing errors on NISQ quantum computers. This paper gives a comprehensive introduction to quantum error mitigation. The state-of-art error mitigation methods are covered and formulated in a general form, which provides a basis for comparing, combining and optimizing different methods in future work.

关键词: quantum error mitigation, quantum computing, quantum error correction, noisy intermediate-scale quantum

Abstract: Minimizing the effect of noise is essential for quantum computers. The conventional method to protect qubits against noise is through quantum error correction. However, for current quantum hardware in the so-called noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, noise presents in these systems and is too high for error correction to be beneficial. Quantum error mitigation is a set of alternative methods for minimizing errors, including error extrapolation, probabilistic error cancellation, measurement error mitigation, subspace expansion, symmetry verification, virtual distillation, etc. The requirement for these methods is usually less demanding than error correction. Quantum error mitigation is a promising way of reducing errors on NISQ quantum computers. This paper gives a comprehensive introduction to quantum error mitigation. The state-of-art error mitigation methods are covered and formulated in a general form, which provides a basis for comparing, combining and optimizing different methods in future work.

Key words: quantum error mitigation, quantum computing, quantum error correction, noisy intermediate-scale quantum

中图分类号:  (Quantum error correction and other methods for protection against decoherence)

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