中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 70706-070706.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae12d5

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Vector-total field magnetometry and calibration using NV center ensembles

Kai-Hui Wang(王凯辉)1,2,3,4,†, Yun-Bin Zhu(朱云彬)1,3,4,†, Zi-Yun Yu(于子云)5,6, Xiang Li(李想)7, Xiang-Mei Xu(许祥妹)7, Zhao Zhao(赵昭)2,‡, Liang Zhang(张亮)1,3,4, Ke Jing(靖克)5,6,§, and Yi-Jin Xie(谢一进)1,3,4,¶   

  1. 1 Institute of Quantum Sensing and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
    2 Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316000, China;
    3 Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research and State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    4 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Cutting-edge Scientific Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    5 CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    6 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    7 Jianghuai Advance Technology Center, Hefei 230000, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-27 修回日期:2025-09-25 接受日期:2025-10-14 发布日期:2026-07-15
  • 通讯作者: Zhao Zhao, Ke Jing, Yi-Jin Xie E-mail:zhaozhao@donghailab.com;jk1994@ustc.edu.cn;xie1jin@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2024SSYS0090), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LDQ24A040001), Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center (Grant No. 2023-ZM01X020), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFB3209900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. T2388102), “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2025C01040), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 226-2024-00144 and 226-2024-00011), the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (Grant No. GZC20252264), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2025M773438).

Vector-total field magnetometry and calibration using NV center ensembles

Kai-Hui Wang(王凯辉)1,2,3,4,†, Yun-Bin Zhu(朱云彬)1,3,4,†, Zi-Yun Yu(于子云)5,6, Xiang Li(李想)7, Xiang-Mei Xu(许祥妹)7, Zhao Zhao(赵昭)2,‡, Liang Zhang(张亮)1,3,4, Ke Jing(靖克)5,6,§, and Yi-Jin Xie(谢一进)1,3,4,¶   

  1. 1 Institute of Quantum Sensing and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
    2 Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316000, China;
    3 Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research and State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    4 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Cutting-edge Scientific Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    5 CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    6 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    7 Jianghuai Advance Technology Center, Hefei 230000, China
  • Received:2025-07-27 Revised:2025-09-25 Accepted:2025-10-14 Published:2026-07-15
  • Contact: Zhao Zhao, Ke Jing, Yi-Jin Xie E-mail:zhaozhao@donghailab.com;jk1994@ustc.edu.cn;xie1jin@zju.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2024SSYS0090), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LDQ24A040001), Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center (Grant No. 2023-ZM01X020), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFB3209900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. T2388102), “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2025C01040), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 226-2024-00144 and 226-2024-00011), the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (Grant No. GZC20252264), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2025M773438).

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摘要： Given the limitations in payload capacity and power availability on spacecraft, magnetometers capable of measuring both the vector and total magnetic fields are especially valuable for their compact and versatile design. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles offer precise vector magnetic field measurement capabilities, making them promising candidates for spaceborne magnetic sensing technologies. Here, we develop a technique to validate the vector-total field measurement accuracy performed by NV center ensembles. The validation procedure employs a turntable to simultaneously calibrate the bias magnetic field and quantify the uncertainty associated with total magnetic field measurements. Validation tests conducted in a geomagnetic field environment reveal a measured standard deviation of 0.1 μT, which is $0.2%$ relative to the geomagnetic field. With further refinement, the accuracy of total magnetic field measurements may improve to better than 0.01%. These results provide a valuable reference for the further development of vector-total field magnetometers and hold potential for applications in spacecraft.

关键词: magnetometry, nitrogen-vacancy ensembles, vector-total field

Abstract: Given the limitations in payload capacity and power availability on spacecraft, magnetometers capable of measuring both the vector and total magnetic fields are especially valuable for their compact and versatile design. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles offer precise vector magnetic field measurement capabilities, making them promising candidates for spaceborne magnetic sensing technologies. Here, we develop a technique to validate the vector-total field measurement accuracy performed by NV center ensembles. The validation procedure employs a turntable to simultaneously calibrate the bias magnetic field and quantify the uncertainty associated with total magnetic field measurements. Validation tests conducted in a geomagnetic field environment reveal a measured standard deviation of 0.1 μT, which is $0.2%$ relative to the geomagnetic field. With further refinement, the accuracy of total magnetic field measurements may improve to better than 0.01%. These results provide a valuable reference for the further development of vector-total field magnetometers and hold potential for applications in spacecraft.

Key words: magnetometry, nitrogen-vacancy ensembles, vector-total field

中图分类号:  (Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements)

  • 07.55.Ge
76.30.Mi (Color centers and other defects) 76.70.Hb (Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR)) 42.50.Dv (Quantum state engineering and measurements)