Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/accd53

中国物理B ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 90305-090305.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/accd53

Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Jie Wang(王杰), Jun-Cheng Liang(梁俊成), Zi-Fa Yu(鱼自发), An-Qing Zhang(张安庆),Ai-Xia Zhang(张爱霞), and Ju-Kui Xue(薛具奎)^†

College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

收稿日期:2023-01-11 修回日期:2023-04-04 接受日期:2023-04-17 发布日期:2023-08-28
通讯作者: Ju-Kui Xue E-mail:xuejk@nwnu.edu.cn

Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Jie Wang(王杰), Jun-Cheng Liang(梁俊成), Zi-Fa Yu(鱼自发), An-Qing Zhang(张安庆),Ai-Xia Zhang(张爱霞), and Ju-Kui Xue(薛具奎)^†

College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2023-01-11 Revised:2023-04-04 Accepted:2023-04-17 Published:2023-08-28
Contact: Ju-Kui Xue E-mail:xuejk@nwnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： We study analytically and numerically the nonlinear collective dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in harmonic potential. The ground state of the system is determined by minimizing the Lagrange density, and the coupled equations of motions for the center-of-mass coordinate of the condensate and its width are derived. Then, two low energy excitation modes in breathing dynamics and dipole dynamics are obtained analytically, and the mechanism of exciting the anharmonic collective dynamics is revealed explicitly. The coupling among spin-orbit coupling, Raman coupling and spin-dependent interaction results in multiple external collective modes, which leads to the anharmonic collective dynamics. The cooperative effect of spin momentum locking and spin-dependent interaction results in coupling of dipolar and breathing dynamics, which strongly depends on spin-dependent interaction and behaves distinct characters in different phases. Interestingly, in the absence of spin-dependent interaction, the breathing dynamics is decoupled from spin dynamics and the breathing dynamics is harmonic. Our results provide theoretical evidence for deep understanding of the ground sate phase transition and the nonlinear collective dynamics of the system.

关键词: spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condenses, collective excitations, nonlinear modes coupling

Abstract: We study analytically and numerically the nonlinear collective dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in harmonic potential. The ground state of the system is determined by minimizing the Lagrange density, and the coupled equations of motions for the center-of-mass coordinate of the condensate and its width are derived. Then, two low energy excitation modes in breathing dynamics and dipole dynamics are obtained analytically, and the mechanism of exciting the anharmonic collective dynamics is revealed explicitly. The coupling among spin-orbit coupling, Raman coupling and spin-dependent interaction results in multiple external collective modes, which leads to the anharmonic collective dynamics. The cooperative effect of spin momentum locking and spin-dependent interaction results in coupling of dipolar and breathing dynamics, which strongly depends on spin-dependent interaction and behaves distinct characters in different phases. Interestingly, in the absence of spin-dependent interaction, the breathing dynamics is decoupled from spin dynamics and the breathing dynamics is harmonic. Our results provide theoretical evidence for deep understanding of the ground sate phase transition and the nonlinear collective dynamics of the system.

Key words: spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condenses, collective excitations, nonlinear modes coupling

中图分类号: (Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates)

03.75.Mn

03.75.Lm (Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations) 05.45.Yv (Solitons)

Jie Wang(王杰), Jun-Cheng Liang(梁俊成), Zi-Fa Yu(鱼自发), An-Qing Zhang(张安庆),Ai-Xia Zhang(张爱霞), and Ju-Kui Xue(薛具奎). Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates[J]. 中国物理B, 2023, 32(9): 90305-090305.

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Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Nonlinear modes coupling of trapped spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

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