[1] Biskamp D 2000 Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press) [2] Birn J and Priest E R 2007 Reconnection of magnetic fields:Magnetohydrodynamics and collisionless theory and observations (Cambridge:Cambridge Univ. Press) [3] Yamada M, Kulsrud R and Ji H T 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 603 [4] Wang S and Lu Q M 2019 Collisionless magnetic reconnection (Beijing:Science Press, in Chinese) [5] Lu Q M, Wang R S, Xie J L, Huang C, Lu S and Wang S 2011 Chin. Sci. Bulletin 56 1174 [6] Dai L, Wang C and Lavraud B 2021 Astrophys. J. 919 15 [7] Giovanelli R G 1946 Nature 158 81 [8] Tsuneta S, Hara H, Shimizu T, Acton L W, Strong K T, Hudson H S and Ogawara Y 1992 Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 44 L63 [9] Nishida A 1978 Geomagnetic diagnostics of the Magnetosphere (New York:Springer) [10] Angelopoulos V, McFadden J P, Larson D, et al. 2008 Science 321 931 [11] Wesson J 1997 textitTokomaks (New York:Oxford University Press) [12] Sweet P A 1958 Electromagnetic Phenomena in Cosmical Physics edited by B. Lehnert (London:Cambridge University Press) p. 123 [13] Parker E N 1957 J. Geophys. Res. 62 509 [14] Birn J, Drake J F, Shay M A, et al. 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 3715 [15] Ma Z W and Bhattacharjee A 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 3773 [16] Pritchett P L 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 3783 [17] Lu Q M, Huang C, Xie J L, et al. 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A11208 [18] Kuznetsova M, Hesse M and Winske D J 2001 Geophys. Res. 106 3799 [19] Wan W G and Lapenta G 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 015001 [20] Egedal J, Ng J, Le A, Daughton W, Wetherton B, Dorelli J, Gershman D and Rager A 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 225101 [21] Lu Q M, Lu S, Huang C, Wu M Y and Wang S 2013 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 55 085109 [22] Huang K, Lu Q M, Wang R S and Wang S 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 075202 [23] Fu X R, Lu Q M and Wang S 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 012309 [24] Nagai T, Shinohara I, Fujimoto M, Hoshino M, Saito Y, Machida S and Mukai T 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 25929 [25] Deng X H and Matsumoto H 2001 Nature 410 557 [26] Shay M A, Drake J F, Rogers B N, et al. 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 3759 [27] Roger B N, Denton R E and Drake J F 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 108 1111 [28] Dai L, Wang C, Zhang Y C, Lavraud B, Burch J, Pollock C and Torbert R B 2017 Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 634 [29] Dai L 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 245003 [30] McPherron R L 1991 Physical processes producing magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms, in Geomagnetism edited by Jacobs J (London:Academic Press) pp. 593-739 [31] Lu S, Lu Q M, Lin Y, et al. 2015 J. Geophys. Res. 120 6286 [32] Retinó A, Sundkvist D, Vaivads A, Mozer F, André M and Owen C J 2007 Nature Physics 3 235 [33] Vörös Z, Yordanova E, Varsani A, et al. 2017 Geophys. Rev. Lett. 122 11442 [34] Escoubet C P, Fehringer M and Goldstein M 2001 Annal. Geophys. 19 1197 [35] Angelopoulos V 2008 Space Sci. Rev. 141 5 [36] Burch J L, Moore T E, Torbert R B and Giles B L 2016 Space Sci. Rev. 199 5 [37] Angelopoulos V, Artemyev A, Phan T D and Miyashita Y 2020 Nat. Phys. 16 317 [38] Sergeev V, Angelopoulos V, Kubyshkina M, et al. 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A00i26 [39] Shen C, Liu Z X, Li X, et al. 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A07s21 [40] Tang C L, Li Z Y, Angelopoulos V, et al. 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 A09211 [41] Zhou X Z, Angelopoulos V, Runov A, et al. 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 A03223 [42] Pu Z Y, Chu X N, Cao X, et al. 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A02212 [43] Sonnerup B U O 1979 Solar System Plasma Physics edited by Lanzerotti L T, Kennel C F and Parker E N pp. 45-108 [44] Angelopoulos V, Kennel C F, Coroniti F V, et al. 1994 J. Geophys. Res. 99 21257 [45] Cao J B, Duan J T, Du A M, et al. 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A07s15 [46] Ge Y S, Raeder J, Angelopoulos V, Gilson M L and Runov A 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A00i23 [47] Zhang M, Wang R S, Lu Q M and Wang S 2020 Astrophys. J. 891 175 [48] Oieroset M, Phan T D, Fujimoto M, Lin R P and Lepping R P 2001 Nature 412 414 [49] Ma Z W and Bhattacharjee A 1998 Geophys. Res. Let.t 25 3277 [50] Oieroset M, Lin R P, Phan T D, Larson D E and Bale S D 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 195001 [51] Wygant J R, Cattell C A, Lysak R, et al. 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 A09206 [52] Asano Y, Mukai T, Hoshino M, et al. 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 108 1189 [53] Eastwood J P, Phan T D, Oieroset M and Shay M A 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A08215 [54] Chen L J, Bessho N, Lefebvre B, et al. 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A12213 [55] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Huang C and Wang S 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A01209 [56] Egedal J, Daughton W, Le A and Borg A L 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 101208 [57] Nan J, Huang K, Lu Q M, et al. 2022 J. Geophys. Res. 127 e2021JA02999 [58] Wang R S, Du A M, Nakamura R, et al. 2013 Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 2511 [59] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Du A M, et al. 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 9952 [60] Wang R S, Nakamura R, Lu Q M, et al. 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A07223 [61] Huang C, Wang R S, Lu Q M and Wang S 2010 Chin. Sci. Bull. 55 718 [62] Zhou M, Pang Y, Deng X H, Yuan Z G and Huang S Y 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A06222 [63] Yu X C, Lu Q M, Wang R S, et al. 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2021JA029609 [64] Eastwood J P, Shay M A, Phan T D and Oieroset M 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 205001 [65] Drake J F, Shay M A and Swisdak M 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 042306 [66] Huang C, Lu Q M, Lu S, Wang P R and Wang S 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 798 [67] Slavin J A, Lepping R P, Gjerloev J, et al. 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 108 1015 [68] Slavin J A, Lepping R P, Gjerloev J, et al. 2003 Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 1362 [69] Coppi B, Laval G and Pellat R 1966 Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 1207 [70] Daughton W, Scudder J and Karimabadi H 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 072101 [71] Drake J F, Swisdak M, Schoeffler K M, Rogers B N and Kobayashi S 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L13105 [72] Lu Q M, Wang R S, Huang K and Wang S 2020 Journal of University of Science and Technology of China 50 1218 [73] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Du A M and Wang S 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 175003 [74] Eastwood J P, Phan T D, Mozer F S, et al. 2007 J. Geophys. Res. 112 A06235 [75] Chen L J, Bhattacharjee A, Puhl-Quinn P A, et al. 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 19 [76] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Li X, Huang C and Wang S 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A11201 [77] Zhong Z H, Zhou M, Tang R X, et al. 2020 Geophys. Res. Lett. 47 e2019GL08514 [78] Oka M, Phan T D, Krucker S, Fujimoto M and Shinohara I 2010 Astrophys. J. 714 915 [79] Wang H Y, Lu Q M, Huang C and Wang S 2016 Astrophys. J. 821 84 [80] Lu Q M, Wang H Y, Huang K, Wang R S and Wang S 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 072126 [81] Han S X, Wang H Y and Gao X L 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 025202 [82] Drake J F, Swisdak M, Che H and Shay M A 2006 Nature 443 553 [83] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Nakamura R, et al. 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 9473 [84] Wang S M, Wang R S, Yao S T, et al. 2019 J. Geophys. Res. 124 1753 [85] Wang S M, Wang R S, Lu Q M, Fu H S and Wang S 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 3964 [86] Huang C, Lu Q M, Wang R S, Guo F, Wu M Y, Lu S and Wang S 2017 Astrophys. J. 835 245 [87] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Nakamura R, et al. 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 263 [88] Daughton W, Roytershteyn V, Karimabadi H, et al. 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 539 [89] Huang C, Lu Q M, Yang Z W, Wu M Y, Dong Q L and Wang S 2011 Nonlin. Processes Geophys. 18 727 [90] Li X M, Wang R S, Lu Q M, et al. 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 14263 [91] Torbert R B, Burch J L, Phan T D, et al. 2018 Science 362 1391 [92] Zhou M, Deng X H, Zhong Z H, et al. 2019 Astrophys. J. 870 34 [93] Tan B B, Li W Y, Khotyaintsev Y V, et al. 2022 Geophys. Res. Lett. 49 e2021GL097573 [94] Li W Y, Khotyaintsev Y V, Tan B B, et al. 2021 Geophys. Res. Lett. 48 e2021GL093164 [95] Yu X C, Lu Q M, Wang R S, et al. 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2020JA028882 [96] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Nakamura R, et al. 2018 Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 4542 [97] Liu D K, Lu S, Lu Q M, Ding W X and Wang S 2020 Astrophys. J. Lett. 890 L15 [98] Liu D K, Huang K, Lu Q M, Lu S, Wang R S, Ding W X and Wang S 2021 Astrophys. J. 922 51 [99] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Lu S, et al. 2020 Geophys. Res. Lett. 47 e2020GL088761 [100] Lu S, Wang R S, Lu Q M, et al. 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 5049 [101] Baumjohann W, Paschmann G and Lühr H 1990 J. Geophys. Res. 95 3801 [102] Angelopoulos V, Baumjohann W, Kennel C F, et al. 1992 J. Geophys.Res. 97 4027 [103] Nagai T, Shinohara I, Zenitani S, Nakamura R, Nakamura T K M, Fujimoto M, Saito Y and Mukai T 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 1667 [104] Nagai T, Shinohara I, Zenitani S, Nakamura R, Nakamura T K M, Fujimoto M, Saito Y and Mukai T 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 1667 [105] Zhou M, Ashour-Abdalla M, Deng X, Pang Y, Fu H S, Walker R, Lapenta G, Huang S Y, Xu S and Tang R 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 9513 [106] Nakamura R, Baumjohann W, Mouikis C, et al. 2004 Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 L09804 [107] Cao J B, Ma Y D, Parks G, et al. 2006 J. Geophys. Res. 111 A04206 [108] Hones E W 1979 Space Sci. Rev. 23 393 [109] Lu S, Pritchett P L, Angelopoulos V and Artemyev A V 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 012905 [110] Cao J B, Ma Y, Parks G, Reme H, Dandouras I and Zhang T L 2013 J. Geophys. Res.:Space Physics 118 313 [111] Shiokawa K, Baumjohann W, Haerendel G, et al. 1998 J. Geophys. Res. 103 4491 [112] Cao J B, Yan C X, Dunlop M, et al. 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A08205 [113] Kepko L, McPherron R L, Amm O, Apatenkov S, Baumjohann W, Birn J, Lester M, Nakamura R, Pulkkinen T I and Sergeev V 2015 Space Sci. Rev. 190 1 [114] Birn J, Nakamura R, Panov E V and Hesse M 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A01210 [115] Yu Y, Cao J, Fu H S, Lu H and Yao Z 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 6139 [116] Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A, André M and Huang S Y 2012 Geophys. Res. Lett. 39 L06105 [117] Chen Z Z, Fu H S, Liu C M, Wang T Y, Ergun R E, Cozzani G, et al. 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 5698 [118] Vaivads A, Khotyaintsev Y V and Andre M 2011 Ann. Geophys. 29 1917 [119] Fu H S, Xu Y, Vaivads A and Khotyaintsev Y V 2019 Astrophys. J. Lett. 870 L22 [120] Chen C X and Wolf R A 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 21409 [121] Lui A T Y, Hones E W, Yasuhara F, Akasofu S I and Bame S J 1977 J. Geophys. Res. 82 1235 [122] Lui A T Y, Mankofsky A, Chang C L, Papadopoulos K and Wu C S 1990 Geophys. Res. Lett. 17 745 [123] Henderson M G, Reeves G D and Murphree J S 1998 Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 3737 [124] Gonzalez W D, Joselyn J A, Kamide Y, Kroehl H W, Rostoker G, Tsurutani B T and Vasyliunas V M 1994 J. Geophys. Res. 99 5771 [125] Daglis I A, Thorne R M, Baumjohann W and Orsini S 1999 Rev. Geophys. 37 407 [126] Lin Y, Wang X Y, Lu S, Perez J D and Lu Q M 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 7413 [127] Thorne R M 2010 Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 L22107 [128] Li W and Hudson M K 2019 J. Geophys. Res. 124 8319 [129] Fu H S, Cao J B, Yang B and Lu H Y 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A10210 [130] Duan A Y, Cao J B Dunlop M and Wang Z Q 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 8902 [131] Cao J B, Duan A, Reme H and Dandouras I 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 7226 [132] Duan S, Dai L, Wang C, Liang J, Lui A, Chen L, He Z, Zhang Y and Angelopoulos V 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 4316 [133] Ren Y, Dai L, Wang C and Lavraud B 2022 Astrophys. J. 928 5 [134] Cao J B, Wei X H, Duan A Y, Fu H S, Zhang T L, Reme H and Dandouras I 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 1659 [135] Wang T, Cao J B, Fu H S, Meng X and Dunlop M 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 1854 [136] Hones E W, Paschmann G, Bame S J, Asbridge J R, Sckopke N and Schindler K 1978 Geophys. Res. Lett. 5 1059 [137] Huang S Y, Sahraoui F, Yuan Z G, et al. 2017 Astrophys. J. Lett. 836 L27 [138] Liu C M, Fu H S and Liu Y Y 2021 Astrophys. J. 911 122 [139] Shi Q Q, Hartinger M D, Angelopoulos V, et al. 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 4274 [140] Birn J, Hones E W, Bame S J and Russell C T 1985 J. Geophys. Res. 90 7449 [141] Pritchett P L and Coroniti F V 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A06301 [142] Yao Z H, Pu Z Y, Fu S Y, et al. 2012 Geophys. Res. Lett. 39 L13102 [143] Tian A M, Shen X C, Shi Q Q, Tang B B, Nowada M, Zong Q G and Fu S Y 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 10813 [144] Yu Y, Fu H S, Cao J B, Liu C M and Wang Z 2022 Astrophys. J. 926 22 [145] Wang Z, Fu H S, Olshevsky V, Liu Y Y, Liu C M and Chen Z Z 2020 Astrophys. J. Suppl. S. 249 10 [146] Fu H S, Cao J B, Khotyaintsev Y V, et al. 2013 Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 6023 [147] Xu Y, Fu H S, Norgren C, Hwang K J and Liu C M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 072123 [148] Angelopoulos V, Runov A, Zhou X Z, Turner D L, Kiehas S A, Li S S and Shinohara I 2013 Science 341 1478 [149] Nakamura R, Baumjohann W, Klecker B, et al. 2002 Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 1942 [150] Runov A, Angelopoulos V, Sitnov M I, et al. 2009 Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 L14106 [151] Shu Y K, Lu S, Lu Q M, Ding W X and Wang S 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2021JA029712 [152] Yao Z H, Liu J, Owen C J, et al. 2015 Ann. Geophys. 33 1301 [153] Lu S, Artemyev A V, Angelopoulos V, Lu Q M and Liu J 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 4269 [154] Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A, André M, Fujimoto M, Retinò A and Owen C J 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 165002 [155] Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, André M and Vaivads A 2011 Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 L16104 [156] Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A, André M, Sergeev V A, Huang S Y, Kronberg E A and Daly P W 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A12221 [157] Liu J, Angelopoulos V, Runov A and Zhou X Z 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 2000 [158] Liu J, Angelopoulos V, Zhou X Z and Runov A 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 909 [159] Huang S Y, Fu H S, Vaivads A, Yuan Z G, Pang Y, Zhou M, et al. 2015 Astrophys. Space Sci. 357 22 [160] Runov A, Angelopoulos V, Zhou X Z, Zhang X J, Li S, Plaschke F and Bonnell J 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A05216 [161] Schmid D, Volwerk M, Nakamura R, Baumjohann W and Heyn M 2011 Ann. Geophys. 29 1537 [162] Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A, André M and Huang S Y 2012 Geophys. Res. Lett. 39 L10101 [163] Balikhin M A, Runov A, Walker S N, Gedalin M, Dandouras I, Hobara Y and Fazakerley A 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 6367 [164] Liu C M, Fu H S, Xu Y, Khotyaintsev Y V, et al. 2018 Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 4628 [165] Liu C M, Fu H S, Vaivads A, et al. 2018 Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 556 [166] Pan D X, Khotyaintsev Y V, Graham D B, Vaivads A, Zhou X Z, Andre M, et al. 2018 Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 12116 [167] Nakamura T K M, Umeda T, Nakamura R, Fu H S and Oka M 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 235101 [168] Liu J, Angelopoulos V, Zhang X J, Turner D L, Gabrielse C, Runov A, Li J, Funsten H O and Spence H E 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 1362 [169] Beyene F, Artemyev A V, Angelopoulos V and Vasko I Y 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 082901 [170] Shiokawa K, Baumjohann W and Haerendel G 1997 Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 1179 [171] Xu Y, Fu H S, Cao J B, Liu C, Norgren C and Chen Z 2021 Geophys. Res. Lett. 48 e2020GL092232 [172] Ohtani S I, Shay M A and Mukai T 2004 J. Geophys. Res. 109 A03210 [173] Sergeev V, Angelopoulos V, Apatenkov S, Bonnell J, Ergun R, Nakamura R, McFadden J, Larson D and Runov A 2009 Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 L21105 [174] Zhou X Z, Angelopoulos V, Sergeev V A and Runov A 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A00I03 [175] Nakamura R, Retino A, Baumjohann W, et al. 2009 Ann. Geophys. 27 1743 [176] Yao Z H, et al. 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 6980 [177] Sun W J, Fu S, Parks G K, Pu Z, Zong Q G, Liu J, Yao Z, Fu H and Shi Q 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 5272 [178] Grigorenko E E, Sauvaud J A, Palin L, Jacquey C and Zelenyi L M 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 6553 [179] Grigorenko E E, Dubyagin S, Malykhin A Y, Khotyaintsev Y V, Kronberg E A, Lavraud B and Ganushkina N Y 2018 Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 602 [180] Ge Y S, Zhou X Z, Liang J, Raeder J, Gilson M L, Donovan E, Angelopoulos V and Runov A 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A10226 [181] Zheng H, Fu S Y, Zong Q G, Pu Z Y, Wang Y F and Parks G K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 205001 [182] Xu Y, Fu H S, Norgren C, Toledo-Redondo S, Liu C M and Dong X C 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 7883 [183] Qin P, Ge Y, Du A, Huang C, Zhang Y, Luo H, et al. 2020 Astrophys. J. Lett. 895 L13 [184] Huang S Y, Fu H S, Yuan Z G, et al. 2015 J. Geophys. Res. 120 4496 [185] Hamrin M, Norqvist P, Karlsson T, Nilsson H, Fu H S, Buchert S, Andre M, Marghitu O, Klecker B, Kistler L and Dandouras I 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 6279 [186] Zhou M, Ashour-Abdalla M, Deng X, Schriver D, El-Alaoui M and Pang Y 2009 Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 L20107 [187] Zhou M, Ni B, Huang S, Deng X, Ashour-Abdalla M, Nishimura Y and Yuan Z 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 4335 [188] Deng X, Ashour-Abdalla M, Zhou M, Walker R, El-Alaoui E, Angelopoulos V, Ergun R E and Schriver D 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A09225 [189] Huang S Y, Zhou M, Deng X H, Yuan Z G, Pang Y, Wei Q, Su W, Li H M and Wang Q Q 2012 Ann. Geophys. 30 97 [190] Fu H S, Cao J B, Cully C M, et al. 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 9089 [191] Hwang K J, Goldstein M L, Viñas A F, Schriver D and Ashour-Abdalla M 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 2484 [192] Breuillard H, Le Contel O, Retino A, et al. 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 7279 [193] Yang J, Cao J B, Fu H S, Wang T Y, Liu W L and Yao Z H 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 4299 [194] Zhang X, Angelopoulos V, Artemyev A V and Liu J 2018 Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 9380 [195] Chen G, Fu H S, Zhang Y, Su Z P, Liu N G, Chen L, et al. 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2020JA028957 [196] Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A, Retinó A and André M 2013 Nature Physics 9 426 [197] Fu H S, Grigorenko E E, Gabrielse C, Liu C, Lu S, Hwang K J, Zhou X, Wang Z and Chen F 2020 Sci. China Earth Sci. 63 235 [198] Fu H S, Zhao M J, Yu Y and Wang Z 2020 Geophys. Res. Lett. 47 e2019GL086790 [199] Zhou M, Deng X H, Ashour-Abdalla M, et al. 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 674 [200] Wu M Y, Lu Q M, Volwerk M, et al. 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 4804 [201] Wu M Y, Huang C, Lu Q M, Volwerk M, Nakamura R, Vörös Z, Zhang T L and Wang S 2015 J. Geophys. Res. 120 6320 [202] Tang C L, Lu L, Zhou M and Yao Z H 2013 Geophys. Res. 118 4237 [203] Huang C, Wu M Y Lu Q M, Wang R S and Wang S 2015 J. Geophys. Res. 120 1759 [204] Lu S, Angelopoulos V and Fu H S 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 9483 [205] Lu S, Angelopoulos V, Artemyev A V, Pritchett P L, Liu J, Runov A, et al. 2019 Astrophys. J. 878 109 [206] Grigorenko E E, Kronberg E A, Daly P W, Ganushkina N Y, Lavraud B, Sauvaud J A and Zelenyi L M 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 [207] Liu C M, Fu H S, Xu Y, et al. 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 594 [208] Liu C M and Fu H S 2019 Astrophys. J. Lett. 873 L2 [209] Xu Y, Fu H S, Liu C M and Wang T Y 2018 Astrophys. J. 853 11 [210] Chen G, Fu H S, Zhang Y, Li X, Ge Y S, Du A M, Liu C M and Xu Y 2019 Astrophys. J. Lett. 881 L8 [211] Artemyev A V, Petrukovich A A, Nakamura R and Zelenyi L M 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A06219 [212] Birn J, Hesse M, Nakamura R and Zaharia S 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 1960 [213] Kennel C F and Petschek H E 1966 J. Geophys. Res. 71 1 [214] Fu H S, Cao J B, Mozer F S, Lu H Y and Yang B 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A01203 [215] Liu C M, Fu H S, Xu Y, Cao J B and Liu W L 2017 Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 6492 [216] Fu W, Fu H S, Cao J B, Yu Y, Chen Z Z and Xu Y 2022 J. Geophys. Res. 127 e2021JA029642 [217] Runov A, Angelopoulos V, Gabrielse C, Zhou X Z, Turner D and Plaschke F 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 744 [218] Zhao M J, Fu H S, Liu C M, Chen Z Z, Xu Y, Giles B L and Burch J L 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 2390 [219] Tang C L, Wang X and Zhou M 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 125 e2020JA028787 [220] Birn J, Thomsen M F and Hesse M 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 1825 [221] Birn J, Runov A and Hesse M 2014 J. Geophys. Res. 119 3604 [222] Huang K, Lu Q M, Huang C, Dong Q L, Wang H Y, Fan F, Sheng Z M, Wang S and Zhang J 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 102101 [223] Huang K, Lu Q M, Lu S, Wang R S and Wang S 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2021JA029939 [224] Thorne R M, Li W, Ni B B, et al. 2013 Nature 504 411 [225] Dai L, Wang C, Duan S P, et al. 2015 Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 6170 [226] Huang S Y, He L H, Yuan Z G, et al. 2019 Astrophys. J. 875 113 [227] Yao S T, Yue Z S, Shi Q Q, Degeling A W, Fu H S, Tian A M, et al. 2021 Earth Planet. Phys. 5 63 [228] Sun W J, Shi Q Q, Fu S Y, et al. 2012 Ann. Geophys. 30 583 [229] Shustov P, Zhang X J, Pritchett P, Artemyev A V, Angelopoulos V, Yushkov E, et al. 2019 J. Geophys. Res. 124 342 [230] Yu Y, Fu H S, Cao J B, Liu Y Y and Wang Z 2022 Astrophys. J. 926 199 [231] Ge Y S, McFadden J P, Raeder J, Angelopoulos V, Larson D and Constantinescu O D 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A01209 [232] Yao S T, Shi Q Q, Zong Q G, et al. 2021 Astrophys. J. 923 216 [233] Zhima Z, Cao J B, Fu H S, Liu W L, Chen L J, Dunlop M, Zhang X M and Shen X H 2015 J. Geophys. Res. 120 2469 [234] Yao S T, Shi Q Q, Yao Z H, et al. 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 523 [235] Liu C M, Fu H S, Liu Y Y and Xu Y 2021 Geophys. Res. Lett. 48 e2021GL093174 [236] Liu Y Y, Fu H S, Olshevsky V, Pontin D I, Liu C M, Wang Z, Chen G, Dai L and Retino A 2019 Astrophys. J. Suppl. 244 31 [237] Liu Y Y, Fu H S, Zong Q G, Wang Z, Liu C M, Huang S Y, Chen Z Z, Xu Y, Shi Q Q and Yao S T 2020 Geophys. Res. Lett. 47 e2020GL088374 [238] Hutchinson I H 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 055601 [239] Lu Q M, Wang D Y and Wang S 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 A03223 [240] Lu Q M, Lembege B, Tao J B and Wang S 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A11219 [241] Wu M Y, Lu Q M, Huang C and Wang S 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 A10245 [242] Charles C 2007 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 16 R1 [243] Wang R S, Lu Q M, Khotyaintsev Y V, et al. 2014 Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 4851 [244] Graham D B, Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A and André M 2015 Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 215 [245] Norgren C, André M, Vaivads A and Khotyaintsev Y V 2015 Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 1654 [246] Norgren C, André M, Graham D B, Khotyaintsev Y V and Vaivads A 2015 Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 7264 [247] Fu H S, Chen F, Chen Z Z, et al. 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 095101 [248] Moze F S, Agapitov O V, Giles B and Vasko I 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 135102 [249] Dai L, Wang C, Cai Z M, et al. 2020 Front. Phys. 8 89 [250] Retinò A, Khotyaintsev Y, Le Contel O, et al. 2021 Experimental Astronomy [251] Mozer F S, Bale S D and Phan T D 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 015002 [252] Mozer F S, Bale S D, Phan T D and Osborne J A 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 245002 [253] Vaivads A, Khotyaintsev Y V, Andre M, Retino A, Buchert S C, Rogers B N, et al. 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 105001 [254] Ding D Q, Lee L C and Swift D W 199 J. Geophys. Res. 97 8453 [255] Swisdak M, Rogers B N, Drake J F and Shay M A 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 108 1218 [256] Cassak P A and Shay M A 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 102114 [257] Pritchett P L 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A06210 [258] Pritchett P L and Mozer F S 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 A11210 [259] Pritchett P L and Mozer F S 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 080702 [260] Tanaka K G, Retino A, Asano Y, Fujimoto M, Shinohara I, Vaivads A, et al. 2008 Annal. Geophys. 26 2471 [261] Mozer F S, Pritchett P L, Bonnell J B, Sundkvist D and Chang M T 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A00C03 [262] Mozer F S, Angelopoulos V, Bonnell J B, Glassmeier H and McFadden J P 2008 Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L17S04 [263] Mozer F S, Sundvist D, McFadden J P, Pritchett P L and Roth I 2011 J. Gesophys. Res. 116 A12224 [264] Zhang Y C, Lavraud B, Dai L, et al. 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 5277 [265] Hesse M, Aunai N, Sibeck D and Birn J 2014 Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 8673 [266] Hesse M, Liu Y H, Chen L J, Bessho N, Kuznetsova M, Birn J and Burch J L 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 2359 [267] Shay M A, Phan T D, Haggerty C C, Fujimoto M, Drake J F, Malakit K, et al. 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 4145 [268] Swisdak M, Drake J F, Price L, Burch J L, Cassak P A and Phan T D 2018 Geophys. Res. Lett. 45 5260 [269] Sang L L, Lu Q M, Wang R S, Huang K and Wang S 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 062120 [270] Sang L L, Lu Q M, Wang R S, Huang K and Wang S 2019 Astrophysical Journal 877 155 [271] Sang L L, Lu Q M, Wang R S, Huang K and Wang S 2019 Astrophysical Journal 882 126 [272] Wang S, Chen L J, Bessho N, Hesse M, Yoo J, Yamada M, et al. 2018 J. Geophys. Res. 123 8185 [273] Chang C, Huang K, Lu Q M, Sang L L, Lu S, Wang R S, et al. 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2021JA029290 [274] Burch J L, Torbert R B, Phan T D, Chen L J, Moore T E, Ergun R E, et al. 2016 Science 352 aaf2939 [275] Phan T D, Eastwood J P, Cassak P A, Oieroset M, Gosling J T, Gershman D J, et al. 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 6060 [276] Fu H S, Cao J B, Cao D, Wang Z, Vaivads A, Khotyaintsev Y V, et al. 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 48 [277] Fu H S, Peng F Z, Liu C M, Burch J L, Gershman D G and Le Contel O 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 5645 [278] Wang Z, Fu H S, Liu C M, Liu Y Y, Cozzani G, Giles B L, et al. 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 1195 [279] Wang Z, Fu H S, Vaivads A, Burch J L, Yu Y and Cao J B 2020 Astrophysical Journal Letters 899 L34 [280] Peng F Z, Fu H S, Cao J B, Graham D B, Chen Z Z, Cao D, et al. 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 6349 [281] Chen Y X, Toth G, Cassak P, Jia X Z, Gombosi T I, Slavin J A, et al. 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 10318 [282] Chen Y X, Toth G, Hietala H, Vines S K, Zou Y, Nishimura Y, et al. 2020 Earth and Space Science 7 e2020EA001331 [283] Khotyaintsev Y V, Graham D B, Norgren C, Eriksson E, Li W, Johlander A, et al. 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 5571 [284] Lavraud B, Zhang Y C, Vernisse Y, Gershman D J, Dorelli J, Cassak P A, et al. 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 3042 [285] Zhou M, Berchem J, Walker R J, El-Alaoui M, Deng X, Cazzola E, et al. 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 055101 [286] Eastwood J P, Goldman M V, Phan T D, Stawarz J E, Cassak P A, Drake J F, et al. 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 265102 [287] Tang B B, Li W Y, Le A, et al. 2020 Geophys. Res. Lett. 47 e2020GL087159 [288] Zhou M, Ashour-Abdalla M, Berchem J, Walker R J, Liang H, ElAlaoui M, et al. 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 4808 [289] Wilder F D, Ergun R E, Goodrich K A, Goldman M V, Newman D L, Malaspina D M, et al. 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett. 43 5909 [290] Cao D, Fu H S, Cao J B, Wang T Y, Graham D B, Chen Z Z, et al. 2017 Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 3954 [291] Ergun R E, Chen L J, Wilder F D, Ahmadi N, Eriksson S, Usanova M E, et al. 2017 Geophys. Res. Lett. 44 2978 [292] Li W, Li J X, Li W T, et al. 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 141 [293] Ren Y, Dai L, Wang C, Li W, Tao X, Lavraud B and Le Contel O 2021 Geophys. Res. Lett. 48 e2020GL090816 [294] Dungey J W 1961 Phys. Rev. Lett. 6 47 [295] Russell C T and Elphic R C 1978 Space Sci. Rev. 22 681 [296] Lee L C and Fu Z F 1985 Geophys. Res. Lett. 12 105 [297] Scholer M 1988 Geophys. Res. Lett. 15 748 [298] Hasegawa H, Sonnerup B U O, Owen C J, Klecker B, Paschmann G, Balogh A and Reme H 2006 Annal. Geophys. 24 603 [299] Hasegawa H, Wang J, Dunlop M W, Pu Z Y, Zhang Q H, Lavraud B, et al. 2010 Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 L16101 [300] Oieroset M, Phan T D, Eastwood J P, Fujimoto M, Daughton W, Shay M A, et al. 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 165007 [301] Zhong J, Pu Z Y, Dunlop M W, Bogdanova Y V, Wang X G, Xiao C J, et al. 2013 J. Geophys. Res. 118 1904 [302] Raeder J 2006 Annal. Geophys. 24 381 [303] Dorelli J C and Bhattacharjee A 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 A06213 [304] Glocer A, Dorelli J, Toth G, Komar C M and Cassak P A 2016 J. Geophys. Res. 121 140 [305] Sun T R, Tang B B, Wang C, Guo X C and Wang Y 2019 J. Geophys. Res. 124 2425 [306] Chen C, Sun T R, Wang C, Huang Z H, Tang B B and Guo X C 2019 Geophys. Res. Lett. 46 4106 [307] Winglee R M, Harnett E, Stickle A and Porter J 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A02209 [308] Omidi N and Sibeck D G 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L04106 [309] Sibeck D G and Omidi N 2012 Journal of Atmospheric and SolarTerrestrial Physics 87-88 20 [310] Hoilijoki S, Ganse U, Pfau-Kempf Y, Cassak P A, Walsh B M, Hietala H, et al. 2017 J. Geophys. Res. 122 2877 [311] Hoilijoki S, Ganse U, Sibeck D G, Cassak P A, Turc L, Battarbee M, et al. 2019 J. Geophys. Res. 124 4037 [312] Tan B, Lin Y, Perez J D and Wang X Y 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 A02206 [313] Tan B, Lin Y, Perez J D and Wang X Y 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A03217 [314] Guo J, Lu S, Lu Q M, Lin Y, Wang X Y, Huang K, et al. 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2021JA029388 [315] Guo J, Lu S, Lu Q M, Lin Y, Wang X Y, Huang K, et al. 2021 J. Geophys. Res. 126 e2020JA028670 [316] Dungey J W 1963 "The structure of the ionosphere, or adventures in velocity space". Edited by DeWitt C, Hiebolt J and Lebeau A, Geophysics:The Earth's Environment (New York:Gordon and Breach) pp. 526-536 [317] Gosling J T, Thomsen M F, Bame S J, Elphic R C and Russell C T 1991 J. Geophys. Res. 96 14097 [318] Lavraud B, Thomsen M F, Lefebvre B, Schwartz S J, Seki K, Phan T D, et al. 2006 J. Geophys. Res. 111 A05211 |