中国物理B ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 80501-080501.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/abe119

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Nonequilibrium free energy and information flow of a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling

Zhiyuan Lin(林智远), Tong Fu(付彤), Juying Xiao(肖菊英), Shanhe Su(苏山河)†, Jincan Chen(陈金灿), and Yanchao Zhang(张艳超)‡   

  1. 1 Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
    2 School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-30 修回日期:2021-01-20 接受日期:2021-01-29 出版日期:2021-07-16 发布日期:2021-07-16
  • 通讯作者: Shanhe Su, Yanchao Zhang E-mail:sushanhe@xmu.edu.cn;zhangyanchao@gxust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 11805159), the First Batch of National First-class Undergraduate Courses of China (2020), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 2019J05003), and Teaching Research Program of Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics in the Institution of Higher Education of China (2019).

Nonequilibrium free energy and information flow of a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling

Zhiyuan Lin(林智远), Tong Fu(付彤), Juying Xiao(肖菊英), Shanhe Su(苏山河)†, Jincan Chen(陈金灿), and Yanchao Zhang(张艳超)‡   

  1. 1 Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
    2 School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
  • Received:2020-12-30 Revised:2021-01-20 Accepted:2021-01-29 Online:2021-07-16 Published:2021-07-16
  • Contact: Shanhe Su, Yanchao Zhang E-mail:sushanhe@xmu.edu.cn;zhangyanchao@gxust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 11805159), the First Batch of National First-class Undergraduate Courses of China (2020), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 2019J05003), and Teaching Research Program of Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics in the Institution of Higher Education of China (2019).

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摘要： We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at studying connections among the entropy production, free energy, and information flow. By utilizing concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and graph theory analysis, Clausius and nonequilibrium free energy inequalities are built to interpret local second law of thermodynamics for subsystems. A fundamental set of cycle fluxes and affinities is identified to decompose two inequalities by using Schnakenberg's network theory. Results show that the thermodynamic irreversibility has energy-related and information-related contributions. A global cycle associated with the feedback-induced information flow would pump electrons against the bias voltage, which implements a Maxwell demon.

关键词: quantum dot, nonequilibrium free energy, information, graph theory analysis

Abstract: We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at studying connections among the entropy production, free energy, and information flow. By utilizing concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and graph theory analysis, Clausius and nonequilibrium free energy inequalities are built to interpret local second law of thermodynamics for subsystems. A fundamental set of cycle fluxes and affinities is identified to decompose two inequalities by using Schnakenberg's network theory. Results show that the thermodynamic irreversibility has energy-related and information-related contributions. A global cycle associated with the feedback-induced information flow would pump electrons against the bias voltage, which implements a Maxwell demon.

Key words: quantum dot, nonequilibrium free energy, information, graph theory analysis

中图分类号:  (Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics)

  • 05.70.Ln
05.70.-a (Thermodynamics) 05.60.Gg (Quantum transport) 05.90.+m (Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems)