中国物理B ›› 2006, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (11): 2489-2495.doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/15/11/004

• GENERAL • 上一篇    下一篇

The complexity nature of large-scale software systems

闫栋, 祁国宁, 顾新建   

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacture Technology of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • 收稿日期:2005-12-11 修回日期:2006-07-03 出版日期:2006-11-20 发布日期:2006-11-20
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos~60374057 and 50575204).

The complexity nature of large-scale software systems

Yan Dong(闫栋), Qi Guo-Ning(祁国宁), and Gu Xin-Jian(顾新建)   

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacture Technology of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • Received:2005-12-11 Revised:2006-07-03 Online:2006-11-20 Published:2006-11-20
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos~60374057 and 50575204).

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摘要： In software engineering, class diagrams are often used to describe the system's class structures in Unified Modelling Language (UML). A class diagram, as a graph, is a collection of static declarative model elements, such as classes, interfaces, and the relationships of their connections with each other. In this paper, class graphs are examined within several Java software systems provided by Sun and IBM, and some new features are found. For a large-scale Java software system, its in-degree distribution tends to an exponential distribution, while its out-degree and degree distributions reveal the power-law behaviour. And then a directed preferential-random model is established to describe the corresponding degree distribution features and evolve large-scale Java software systems.

Abstract: In software engineering, class diagrams are often used to describe the system's class structures in Unified Modelling Language (UML). A class diagram, as a graph, is a collection of static declarative model elements, such as classes, interfaces, and the relationships of their connections with each other. In this paper, class graphs are examined within several Java software systems provided by Sun and IBM, and some new features are found. For a large-scale Java software system, its in-degree distribution tends to an exponential distribution, while its out-degree and degree distributions reveal the power-law behaviour. And then a directed preferential-random model is established to describe the corresponding degree distribution features and evolve large-scale Java software systems.

Key words: software system, degree distribution, power-law behaviour, exponential distribution

中图分类号:  (Computer systems: hardware, operating systems, computer languages, and utilities)

  • 07.05.Bx
02.50.Ng (Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies)