Non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae4c67

中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 67401-067401.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae4c67

Non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors

Xingrong Ren(任星融)^1,2, Huiqing Ye(叶慧清)^3,4,†, and Tian Le(乐天)^1,2,‡

1 Center for Quantum Matter and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
2 Institute for Advanced Study in Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
3 Center for Correlated Matter and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
4 School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China

收稿日期:2025-11-30 修回日期:2026-02-25 接受日期:2026-03-03 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2026-05-28
通讯作者: Huiqing Ye, Tian Le E-mail:huiqingye@zju.edu.cn;letian_phy@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
We are grateful to X. Lin and Q. Chen for helpful discussions. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 92565201) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors

Xingrong Ren(任星融)^1,2, Huiqing Ye(叶慧清)^3,4,†, and Tian Le(乐天)^1,2,‡

1 Center for Quantum Matter and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
2 Institute for Advanced Study in Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
3 Center for Correlated Matter and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
4 School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China

Received:2025-11-30 Revised:2026-02-25 Accepted:2026-03-03 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2026-05-28
Contact: Huiqing Ye, Tian Le E-mail:huiqingye@zju.edu.cn;letian_phy@zju.edu.cn
Supported by:
We are grateful to X. Lin and Q. Chen for helpful discussions. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 92565201) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, characterized by inherent quantum confinement, strong spin-orbit coupling, and diverse forms of symmetry breaking, provide an ideal platform for exploring novel quantum transport phenomena. This review summarizes recent experimental progress on the non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors, focusing on the second harmonic resistance (SHR) in the resistive superconducting state and the supercurrent diode effect (SDE) in the dissipationless superconducting regime. We discuss the various origins of these phenomena, distinguishing between intrinsic mechanisms, such as finite-momentum Cooper pairing, and extrinsic mechanisms driven by asymmetric vortex dynamics and device geometry. We present a systematic classification of zero-field SDE into polarity-reversed and polarity-locked behaviors, a distinction governed by the interplay between intrinsic time-reversal symmetry breaking and the external magnetic response. Furthermore, we examine how the efficiency and polarity of the SDE are modulated by tuning parameters including magnetic/electric fields, strain, device geometry, thermodynamic conditions, and microwave irradiation. We conclude by highlighting the application potential of these tunable diodes in high-efficiency rectification, superconducting logic, and neuromorphic computing.

关键词: non-reciprocal properties, magnetochiral anisotropy, supercurrent diode effect, 2D superconductors

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, characterized by inherent quantum confinement, strong spin-orbit coupling, and diverse forms of symmetry breaking, provide an ideal platform for exploring novel quantum transport phenomena. This review summarizes recent experimental progress on the non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors, focusing on the second harmonic resistance (SHR) in the resistive superconducting state and the supercurrent diode effect (SDE) in the dissipationless superconducting regime. We discuss the various origins of these phenomena, distinguishing between intrinsic mechanisms, such as finite-momentum Cooper pairing, and extrinsic mechanisms driven by asymmetric vortex dynamics and device geometry. We present a systematic classification of zero-field SDE into polarity-reversed and polarity-locked behaviors, a distinction governed by the interplay between intrinsic time-reversal symmetry breaking and the external magnetic response. Furthermore, we examine how the efficiency and polarity of the SDE are modulated by tuning parameters including magnetic/electric fields, strain, device geometry, thermodynamic conditions, and microwave irradiation. We conclude by highlighting the application potential of these tunable diodes in high-efficiency rectification, superconducting logic, and neuromorphic computing.

Key words: non-reciprocal properties, magnetochiral anisotropy, supercurrent diode effect, 2D superconductors

中图分类号: (Transport properties)

74.25.F-

74.25.-q (Properties of superconductors) 85.25.-j (Superconducting devices)

Xingrong Ren(任星融), Huiqing Ye(叶慧清), and Tian Le(乐天). Non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors[J]. 中国物理B, 2026, 35(6): 67401-067401.

Xingrong Ren(任星融), Huiqing Ye(叶慧清), and Tian Le(乐天). Non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors[J]. Chin. Phys. B, 2026, 35(6): 67401-067401.

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Non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors

Non-reciprocal properties of 2D superconductors

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