中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 69701-069701.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae29fa

• • 上一篇    

Shadow and observational images of the rotating Hayward black hole with thin disk accretion

Zheng-Xue Chang(常正雪)1,†, Shu-Min Wang(王树民)1,‡, Chen-Yu Yang(杨晨昱)2,§, Yu-Bin Wang(王榆斌)3,¶, and Ke-Jian He(何柯腱)2,*   

  1. 1 College of Mathematics and Physics, Handan University, Handan 056005, China;
    2 Department of Mechanics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400000, China;
    3 School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-28 修回日期:2025-11-16 接受日期:2025-12-09 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者: Zheng-Xue Chang, Shu-Min Wang, Chen-Yu Yang, Yu-Bin Wang, Ke-Jian He E-mail:changzx520@163.com;wangshumin@hdc.edu.cn;chenyuyang2024@163.com;wangyubin@suse.edu.cn;kjhe94@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12303027) , the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. A2022109001), and the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2025ZNSFSC0878).

Shadow and observational images of the rotating Hayward black hole with thin disk accretion

Zheng-Xue Chang(常正雪)1,†, Shu-Min Wang(王树民)1,‡, Chen-Yu Yang(杨晨昱)2,§, Yu-Bin Wang(王榆斌)3,¶, and Ke-Jian He(何柯腱)2,*   

  1. 1 College of Mathematics and Physics, Handan University, Handan 056005, China;
    2 Department of Mechanics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400000, China;
    3 School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Revised:2025-11-16 Accepted:2025-12-09 Published:2026-06-23
  • Contact: Zheng-Xue Chang, Shu-Min Wang, Chen-Yu Yang, Yu-Bin Wang, Ke-Jian He E-mail:changzx520@163.com;wangshumin@hdc.edu.cn;chenyuyang2024@163.com;wangyubin@suse.edu.cn;kjhe94@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12303027) , the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. A2022109001), and the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2025ZNSFSC0878).

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摘要： We investigate the shadow and observational characteristics of rotating Hayward black holes by employing a ray-tracing method combined with stereographic projection. By solving the photon geodesics derived from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we explore how the spin parameter $a$ and magnetic charge $g$ influence the shape of the black hole shadow and its observable optical properties. The results indicate that an increase in the spin parameter $a$ leads to a pronounced D-shaped deformation of the shadow, whereas higher values of the magnetic charge $g$ significantly reduce the size of its inner region. When a thin accretion disk surrounds the black hole, variations in $a$ and $g$ directly affect observable features, including the size of the inner shadow and the intensity of the emitted radiation. Furthermore, the direct and lensed images exhibit distinct redshift features, highlighting the strong sensitivity of gravitational lensing effects to the parameters $a$ and $g$. These findings suggest that rotating Hayward black holes can be distinguished from Kerr black holes through their observable characteristics, thereby providing a valuable reference for testing alternative theories of gravity.

关键词: shadow, observer characteristuc, rotating black hole

Abstract: We investigate the shadow and observational characteristics of rotating Hayward black holes by employing a ray-tracing method combined with stereographic projection. By solving the photon geodesics derived from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we explore how the spin parameter $a$ and magnetic charge $g$ influence the shape of the black hole shadow and its observable optical properties. The results indicate that an increase in the spin parameter $a$ leads to a pronounced D-shaped deformation of the shadow, whereas higher values of the magnetic charge $g$ significantly reduce the size of its inner region. When a thin accretion disk surrounds the black hole, variations in $a$ and $g$ directly affect observable features, including the size of the inner shadow and the intensity of the emitted radiation. Furthermore, the direct and lensed images exhibit distinct redshift features, highlighting the strong sensitivity of gravitational lensing effects to the parameters $a$ and $g$. These findings suggest that rotating Hayward black holes can be distinguished from Kerr black holes through their observable characteristics, thereby providing a valuable reference for testing alternative theories of gravity.

Key words: shadow, observer characteristuc, rotating black hole

中图分类号:  (Black holes)

  • 97.60.Lf
97.10.Gz (Accretion and accretion disks) 98.62.Sb (Gravitational lenses and luminous arcs)