Phasemeter based on second harmonic signal filter for space-based gravitational wave detection

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae1efe

中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 10601-010601.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae1efe

Phasemeter based on second harmonic signal filter for space-based gravitational wave detection

Zheng Fan(范正)¹, Zhu Li(李祝)^1,†, Xiangqing Huang(黄祥青)¹, Yurong Liang(梁浴榕)², Yu Song(宋煜)¹, Maomao Fan(范毛毛)¹, Huizong Duan(段会宗)¹, Siyuan Peng(彭思远)¹, Shanqing Yang(杨山清)¹, and Liangcheng Tu(涂良成)¹

1 MOE Key Laboratory of Tianqin Mission, Frontiers Science Center for Tianqin, CNSA Research Center for Gravitational Waves, Tianqin Research Center for Gravitational Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China;
2 Center for Gravitational Experiment, MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, The School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

收稿日期:2025-08-06 修回日期:2025-09-30 接受日期:2025-11-13 发布日期:2025-12-29
通讯作者: Zhu Li E-mail:lizhu@mail.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
The authors thank the National Key Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFC2203901), the State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum (Grant No. SKLSD2025-KF-03), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Sun Yat-sen University for the support.

Phasemeter based on second harmonic signal filter for space-based gravitational wave detection

1 MOE Key Laboratory of Tianqin Mission, Frontiers Science Center for Tianqin, CNSA Research Center for Gravitational Waves, Tianqin Research Center for Gravitational Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China;
2 Center for Gravitational Experiment, MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, The School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2025-08-06 Revised:2025-09-30 Accepted:2025-11-13 Published:2025-12-29
Contact: Zhu Li E-mail:lizhu@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The authors thank the National Key Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFC2203901), the State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum (Grant No. SKLSD2025-KF-03), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Sun Yat-sen University for the support.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The space gravitational wave detection aims to detect gravitational waves in the mHz band in order to study supermassive black hole mergers, galaxy evolution and the structure of the early universe. One of its core payloads is a transponder-type interstellar laser interferometer, designed to measure relative displacement changes at the pico-meter level. Among its components, phasemeter is tasked with extracting the phase and frequency of the interference signal. Currently, phase-locked loop (PLL) phasemeters are commonly employed. However, the second harmonic signal generated by the mixer can restrict both the dynamic range and phase measurement accuracy of the phasemeter. This paper analyzes the interstellar laser interferometer and the impact of the second harmonic signal on the phasemeter’s performance. To address these challenges, a phasemeter incorporating a second harmonic signal filter is proposed. This new design mitigates second harmonic disturbances within the phasemeter’s bandwidth by dynamically adjusting the filter’s cutoff frequency to track the input signal frequency, thereby suppressing the second harmonic signal in real time. Theoretical and simulation analyses demonstrate that the proposed phasemeter with a second harmonic filter significantly enhances the dynamic range. Finally, experimental results verify that the phasemeter can achieve the tracking of sudden frequency changes up to 4.8 MHz.

关键词: laser interferometer, phasemeter, second harmonic signal, dynamic range

Abstract: The space gravitational wave detection aims to detect gravitational waves in the mHz band in order to study supermassive black hole mergers, galaxy evolution and the structure of the early universe. One of its core payloads is a transponder-type interstellar laser interferometer, designed to measure relative displacement changes at the pico-meter level. Among its components, phasemeter is tasked with extracting the phase and frequency of the interference signal. Currently, phase-locked loop (PLL) phasemeters are commonly employed. However, the second harmonic signal generated by the mixer can restrict both the dynamic range and phase measurement accuracy of the phasemeter. This paper analyzes the interstellar laser interferometer and the impact of the second harmonic signal on the phasemeter’s performance. To address these challenges, a phasemeter incorporating a second harmonic signal filter is proposed. This new design mitigates second harmonic disturbances within the phasemeter’s bandwidth by dynamically adjusting the filter’s cutoff frequency to track the input signal frequency, thereby suppressing the second harmonic signal in real time. Theoretical and simulation analyses demonstrate that the proposed phasemeter with a second harmonic filter significantly enhances the dynamic range. Finally, experimental results verify that the phasemeter can achieve the tracking of sudden frequency changes up to 4.8 MHz.

Key words: laser interferometer, phasemeter, second harmonic signal, dynamic range

中图分类号: (Time and frequency)

06.30.Ft

04.80.Nn (Gravitational wave detectors and experiments) 07.60.Ly (Interferometers)

Zheng Fan(范正), Zhu Li(李祝), Xiangqing Huang(黄祥青), Yurong Liang(梁浴榕), Yu Song(宋煜), Maomao Fan(范毛毛), Huizong Duan(段会宗), Siyuan Peng(彭思远), Shanqing Yang(杨山清), and Liangcheng Tu(涂良成). Phasemeter based on second harmonic signal filter for space-based gravitational wave detection[J]. 中国物理B, 2026, 35(1): 10601-010601.

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Phasemeter based on second harmonic signal filter for space-based gravitational wave detection

Phasemeter based on second harmonic signal filter for space-based gravitational wave detection

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