An experimental proposal certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states based on fine-grained steering inequality

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae0bfd

中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 70304-070304.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae0bfd

An experimental proposal certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states based on fine-grained steering inequality

Zhi-Hao Bian(边志浩)^†, Jia-Qi Sun(孙佳琪), and Yi Shen(沈毅)

School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-09-16 发布日期:2026-07-10
通讯作者: Zhi-Hao Bian E-mail:zhihaobian@jiangnan.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12104186 and 12401597), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20241603), and the Wuxi Science and Technology Development Fund Project (Grant No. K20231008).

An experimental proposal certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states based on fine-grained steering inequality

Zhi-Hao Bian(边志浩)^†, Jia-Qi Sun(孙佳琪), and Yi Shen(沈毅)

School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-09-16 Published:2026-07-10
Contact: Zhi-Hao Bian E-mail:zhihaobian@jiangnan.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12104186 and 12401597), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20241603), and the Wuxi Science and Technology Development Fund Project (Grant No. K20231008).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Multi-party quantum steering is an important concept in quantum information theory and quantum mechanics, typically related to quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality. It enables precise manipulation of large quantum systems, which is essential for large-scale quantum computing, simulations, and quantum communication. Recently, a quantum steering certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GGHZ) state based on the fine-grained steering inequality was proved [Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations 9 175 (2022)]. Here we provide an experimental proposal to prepare the GGHZ state in a photon system. The measurement observables in each party can be realized by different polarization optical elements. By choosing the angles of the waveplates, our experimental proposal can observe the maximum quantum violation for any three-qubit GGHZ state. Our proposal can be easily extended to high-dimensional qubits and multi-photon GHZ states, which provides a method to study the complex multi-party quantum protocols.

关键词: quantum steering, generalized GHZ state, fine-grained uncertainty relation

Abstract: Multi-party quantum steering is an important concept in quantum information theory and quantum mechanics, typically related to quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality. It enables precise manipulation of large quantum systems, which is essential for large-scale quantum computing, simulations, and quantum communication. Recently, a quantum steering certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GGHZ) state based on the fine-grained steering inequality was proved [Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations 9 175 (2022)]. Here we provide an experimental proposal to prepare the GGHZ state in a photon system. The measurement observables in each party can be realized by different polarization optical elements. By choosing the angles of the waveplates, our experimental proposal can observe the maximum quantum violation for any three-qubit GGHZ state. Our proposal can be easily extended to high-dimensional qubits and multi-photon GHZ states, which provides a method to study the complex multi-party quantum protocols.

Key words: quantum steering, generalized GHZ state, fine-grained uncertainty relation

中图分类号: (Entanglement measures, witnesses, and other characterizations)

03.67.Mn

03.65.Ud (Entanglement and quantum nonlocality) 03.67.Hk (Quantum communication)

Zhi-Hao Bian(边志浩), Jia-Qi Sun(孙佳琪), and Yi Shen(沈毅). An experimental proposal certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states based on fine-grained steering inequality[J]. 中国物理B, 2026, 35(7): 70304-070304.

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An experimental proposal certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states based on fine-grained steering inequality

An experimental proposal certification for any three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states based on fine-grained steering inequality

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