Multiparameter hierarchical sensitivity analysis of tilt-to-length coupling noise in Taiji science interferometer

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ae07a8

中国物理B ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 10701-010701.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ae07a8

Multiparameter hierarchical sensitivity analysis of tilt-to-length coupling noise in Taiji science interferometer

Fei Xie(谢菲)^1,2,3, Xiaodong Peng(彭晓东)^1,2,4,5,†, Wenlin Tang(唐文林)², Mengyuan Zhao(赵梦圆)⁶, and Xiaoshan Ma(马晓珊)^7,á

1 School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China;
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4 Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe, Hangzhou 310024, China;
5 Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310024, China;
6 School of Information, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an 710100, China;
7 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-06-18 接受日期:2025-09-17 发布日期:2026-01-05
通讯作者: Xiaodong Peng, Xiaoshan Ma E-mail:Pxd@nssc.ac.cn;maxiaoshan@iet.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC2200100) and the CAS’s Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science (Grant No. XDA1502110201).

Multiparameter hierarchical sensitivity analysis of tilt-to-length coupling noise in Taiji science interferometer

Fei Xie(谢菲)^1,2,3, Xiaodong Peng(彭晓东)^1,2,4,5,†, Wenlin Tang(唐文林)², Mengyuan Zhao(赵梦圆)⁶, and Xiaoshan Ma(马晓珊)^7,á

1 School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China;
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4 Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe, Hangzhou 310024, China;
5 Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310024, China;
6 School of Information, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an 710100, China;
7 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-06-18 Accepted:2025-09-17 Published:2026-01-05
Contact: Xiaodong Peng, Xiaoshan Ma E-mail:Pxd@nssc.ac.cn;maxiaoshan@iet.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC2200100) and the CAS’s Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science (Grant No. XDA1502110201).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise is a critical issue in space-based gravitational wave detection due to its complex dependence on multiple interacting factors, which complicates the identification of dominant parameters. To address this challenge, we develop a simulation model of the Taiji scientific interferometer, generating noise datasets under multi-parameter conditions. Given the uniqueness of the telescope as well as the convergence behavior of the algorithm, the analysis is structured hierarchically: (i) the telescope level and (ii) the optical bench level. A hierarchical framework combining XGBoost and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values is employed to model the intricate relationships between parameters and TTL coupling noise, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. Our results identify pointing jitter and telescope radius as the dominant parameters at the telescope level, while the angles of the plane mirrors and beam splitters are most influential at the optical bench level. The parameter space is reduced from 86 dimensions to 14 dimensions without sacrificing model accuracy. This approach offers actionable insights for optimizing the Taiji interferometer design.

关键词: space-based gravitational wave detection, intrasatellite science interferometer, tilt-to-length coupling noise, sensitivity analysis

Abstract: Tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise is a critical issue in space-based gravitational wave detection due to its complex dependence on multiple interacting factors, which complicates the identification of dominant parameters. To address this challenge, we develop a simulation model of the Taiji scientific interferometer, generating noise datasets under multi-parameter conditions. Given the uniqueness of the telescope as well as the convergence behavior of the algorithm, the analysis is structured hierarchically: (i) the telescope level and (ii) the optical bench level. A hierarchical framework combining XGBoost and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values is employed to model the intricate relationships between parameters and TTL coupling noise, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. Our results identify pointing jitter and telescope radius as the dominant parameters at the telescope level, while the angles of the plane mirrors and beam splitters are most influential at the optical bench level. The parameter space is reduced from 86 dimensions to 14 dimensions without sacrificing model accuracy. This approach offers actionable insights for optimizing the Taiji interferometer design.

Key words: space-based gravitational wave detection, intrasatellite science interferometer, tilt-to-length coupling noise, sensitivity analysis

中图分类号: (Interferometers)

07.60.Ly

04.80.Nn (Gravitational wave detectors and experiments)

Fei Xie(谢菲), Xiaodong Peng(彭晓东), Wenlin Tang(唐文林), Mengyuan Zhao(赵梦圆), and Xiaoshan Ma(马晓珊). Multiparameter hierarchical sensitivity analysis of tilt-to-length coupling noise in Taiji science interferometer[J]. 中国物理B, 2026, 35(1): 10701-010701.

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Multiparameter hierarchical sensitivity analysis of tilt-to-length coupling noise in Taiji science interferometer

Multiparameter hierarchical sensitivity analysis of tilt-to-length coupling noise in Taiji science interferometer

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