Pulsed single-longitudinal-mode operation based on modal-gain difference in repetitively passively Q-switched lasers

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/adc665

中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 74210-074210.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/adc665

Pulsed single-longitudinal-mode operation based on modal-gain difference in repetitively passively Q-switched lasers

Jinhe Yuan(袁晋鹤)†, Mofan Yang(杨莫凡), and Ziyi Wu(武子怡)

College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China

收稿日期:2025-02-23 修回日期:2025-03-23 接受日期:2025-03-28 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2025-07-03
通讯作者: Jinhe Yuan E-mail:hityuanjinhe@163.com
基金资助:
Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62205102).

Pulsed single-longitudinal-mode operation based on modal-gain difference in repetitively passively Q-switched lasers

Jinhe Yuan(袁晋鹤)†, Mofan Yang(杨莫凡), and Ziyi Wu(武子怡)

College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China

Received:2025-02-23 Revised:2025-03-23 Accepted:2025-03-28 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-07-03
Contact: Jinhe Yuan E-mail:hityuanjinhe@163.com
Supported by:
Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62205102).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The pulsed single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation caused by the modal-gain difference in a repetitively passively $Q$-switched (PQS) laser is studied in detail. Firstly, the analytical expressions for the pulse buildup-time difference of repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers have been developed respectively. Then, according to the temporal criterion, the required conditions for repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers to achieve SLM operation are analyzed. The analysis results show that in addition to the short cavity is conducive to obtaining the pulsed SLM laser, the use of a lower pump power (compared to the threshold power) will help to obtain a longer pulse buildup-time difference and thus enabling the SLM operation. Moreover, it is worth noting that for the quasi-three-level lasers, the pulse buildup-time difference also depends on the initial population inversion density. The results also reveal that setting resonator parameters that can obtain large initial population inversion density will be helpful to the SLM operation in both four-level and quasi-three-level regimes. In addition, the use of saturable absorber with a low absorption cross-section ratio between the excited state and ground state also contributes to the realization of the SLM. Finally, the optimization model of passively $Q$-switched single-longitudinal-mode laser is established. In addition to predicting the output performance of the laser, this model can also be used to obtain the optimal resonator parameters and the upper limit of pump power for SLM operation.

关键词: saturable absorber, single-longitudinal-mode, $Q$-switching, modal-gain difference

Abstract: The pulsed single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation caused by the modal-gain difference in a repetitively passively $Q$-switched (PQS) laser is studied in detail. Firstly, the analytical expressions for the pulse buildup-time difference of repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers have been developed respectively. Then, according to the temporal criterion, the required conditions for repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers to achieve SLM operation are analyzed. The analysis results show that in addition to the short cavity is conducive to obtaining the pulsed SLM laser, the use of a lower pump power (compared to the threshold power) will help to obtain a longer pulse buildup-time difference and thus enabling the SLM operation. Moreover, it is worth noting that for the quasi-three-level lasers, the pulse buildup-time difference also depends on the initial population inversion density. The results also reveal that setting resonator parameters that can obtain large initial population inversion density will be helpful to the SLM operation in both four-level and quasi-three-level regimes. In addition, the use of saturable absorber with a low absorption cross-section ratio between the excited state and ground state also contributes to the realization of the SLM. Finally, the optimization model of passively $Q$-switched single-longitudinal-mode laser is established. In addition to predicting the output performance of the laser, this model can also be used to obtain the optimal resonator parameters and the upper limit of pump power for SLM operation.

Key words: saturable absorber, single-longitudinal-mode, $Q$-switching, modal-gain difference

中图分类号: (Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials)

42.70.Nq

42.65.Re (Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression) 42.60.Gd (Q-switching)

Jinhe Yuan(袁晋鹤), Mofan Yang(杨莫凡), and Ziyi Wu(武子怡). Pulsed single-longitudinal-mode operation based on modal-gain difference in repetitively passively Q-switched lasers[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(7): 74210-074210.

参考文献

[1] Yao B Q, Yuan J H, Li J, Dai T Y, Duan X M, Shen Y J, Cui Z and Pan Y B 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 348
[2] Xiao Y J, Xing X W, Cui W W, Chen Y Q, Zhou Q and Liu W J 2023 Chin. Phys. Lett. 40 054201
[3] Wang H Y, Xiao Y J, Liu Q, Xing X W, Yang H J and Liu W J 2023 Chin. Phys. Lett. 40 114204
[4] Si Z Z, Dai C Q and Liu W 2024 Chin. Phys. Lett. 41 020502
[5] Zhang S Y, Liu X X, Guo L, Fan M Q, Lou F, Gao P, Guo G H, Yang J L, Liu J J, Li T, Yang K J, Zhao S J, Liu J, Xu J Q and Hang Y 2017 IEEE. Photon. Tech. Lett. 29 2258
[6] Guo L, Li T, Zhang S Y, Wang M J, Zhao S Z, Yang K J, Li D C and Yan Z Y 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 292917
[7] Luo H Y, Li J F, Gao Y, Xu Y, Li X H and Liu Y 2019 Opt. Lett. 44 2322
[8] Sebbag D, Korenfeld A, Griebner U, Elooz D, Shalom E and Noach S 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 1250
[9] Yu H H, Petrov V, Griebner U, Parisi D, Veronesi S and Tonelli M 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 2544
[10] Mehner E, Bernard B, Giessen H, Kopf D and Braun B 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2940
[11] Sooy W R 1965 Appl. Phys. Lett. 7 36
[12] Grisard A, Faure B, Souhaité G and Lallier E 2014 Advanced solid state lasers (p. ATu2A-39)
[13] Jin C J, Bai Y, Li L F, Jiang T, Ren Z Y and Bai J T 2015 Laser. Phys. Lett. 25 015001
[14] Moskalev I S, Fedorov V V, Gapontsev V P, Gapontsev D V, Platonov N S and Mirov S B 2008 Opt. Express 16 19427
[15] Sun Z, Cheng G H, Liu H, Wang X and Wang Y G 2017 Chin. Phys. Lett. 34 014204
[16] Negri J R, Pirzio F and Agnesi A 2018 Opt. Express 26 324745
[17] Xue F, Zhang S S, Cong Z H, Huang Q J, Guan C, Wu Q W, Chen H, Bai F and Liu Z J 2018 Laser Phys. Lett. 15 035001
[18] Xue J W, Pan Y, Chen W, Fang Y J, Xie H J, Xie M Y, Sun L and Su B H 2016 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33 1815
[19] Gao M W, Yue F Y, Feng T, Li J L and Gao C Q 2014 Chin. Opt. Lett. 12 021404
[20] Liu Q, Lei M, Gong M L, Huang L, He F H, Fu X and Yan X P 2007 Appl. Phys. B 89 155
[21] Pan H F, Xu S X and Zeng H P 2005 Opt. Express 13 2755
[22] Terekhov Y, Moskalev I S, Martyshkin D V, Ferorov V V and Mirov S B 2010 Proc. SPIE 7578 75781
[23] Dai T Y,Wang Y P,Wu X S,Wu J, Yao B Q, Ju Y L and Shen Y J 2018 Opt. Laser Technol. 106 7
[24] Shi Y, Gao C Q, Wang S, Li S H, Song R, Zhang M, Gao M W and Wang Q 2019 Opt. Express 27 350016
[25] Isyanova Y and Welford D 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 1035
[26] Terekhov Y V, Martyshkin D V, Fedorov V V, Moskalev I S and Mirov S B 2014 Laser Phys. Lett. 24 025003
[27] Li Q S, Dong Y, Liu Y, Zhang X H, Yu Y J and Jin G Y 2017 Opt. Laser Technol. 94 165
[28] Liu C, Jin L, Dai W C, Dong Y and Jin G Y 2024 Opt. Express 32 526099
[29] Degnan J J 1995 IEEE J. Quantum Electron 31 1890
[30] Degnan J J 1989 IEEE J. Quantum Electron 25 214
[31] Zhang X Y, Zhao S Z, Wang Q P, Zhang Q D, Sun L K and Zhang S J 1997 IEEE. J. Quantum Electron 33 2286
[32] Koechner W 2006 Solid-state laser engineering (New York: Springer) p. 57
[33] Stoneman R C and Esterowitz L 1990 Opt. Lett. 15 486
[34] Payne S A, Chase L L, Smith L K, Kway W L and Krupke W F 1992 IEEE J. Quantum Electron 28 2619
[35] Rustad G and Stenersen K 1996 IEEE. J. Quantum Electron 32 1645

Pulsed single-longitudinal-mode operation based on modal-gain difference in repetitively passively Q-switched lasers

Pulsed single-longitudinal-mode operation based on modal-gain difference in repetitively passively Q-switched lasers

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	Qinghua Wang(汪情华), Hao Sun(孙昊), Chenhao Lu(鲁晨浩), Huiran Yang(杨慧苒), and Lu Li(李璐). TaS₂-based saturable absorbers for Q-switched fiber laser applications[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(7): 74209-074209.
[2]	Mengyuan Liu(刘梦媛), Yechao Han(韩烨超), Qi Liu(刘齐), Hao Teng(滕浩), Xiwei Huang(黄玺玮), Xiaowei Xing(邢笑伟), Xiangyu Qiao(乔向宇), Guojing Hu(胡国静), Xiao Lin(林晓), Haitao Yang(杨海涛), Zhiyi Wei(魏志义), and Wenjun Liu(刘文军). High-efficiency Yb³⁺-doped fiber laser with highly optical nonlinear Bi₄Br₄-based saturable absorber[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(6): 64202-064202.
[3]	Chen-Yan Zhang(张辰妍), Xin-He Dou(窦鑫河), Zhen Chen(陈震), Jing-Han Zhao(赵靖涵), Wei Sun(孙薇), Ze-Yu Fan(樊泽宇), Tao Zhang(张涛), Hao Teng(滕浩), and Zhi-Guo Lv(吕志国). Femtosecond mode-locking and soliton molecule generation based on a GaAs saturable absorber[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(1): 14205-014205.
[4]	Xin-He Dou(窦鑫河), Zhen Chen(陈震), Chen-Yan Zhang(张辰妍), Xiang Li(李响), Fei-Hong Qiao(乔飞鸿), Bo-Le Song(宋博乐), Shan Wang(王珊), Hao Teng(滕浩), and Zhi-Guo Lv(吕志国). Manganese dioxide as wide adaptive ultrafast photonic device for pulsed laser generation[J]. 中国物理B, 2024, 33(11): 114202-114202.
[5]	Zhi-Qiang Xu(徐志强), Tian-Tian Zhou(周甜甜), Jie Li(李洁), Dong-Yang Liu(刘东阳), Yuan He(何源), Ning Li(李宁), Xiao Liu(刘潇), Li-Li Miao(缪丽丽), Chu-Jun Zhao(赵楚军), and Shuang-Chun Wen(文双春). Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime[J]. 中国物理B, 2024, 33(10): 104208-104208.
[6]	Si-Yu Chen(陈思雨), Hai-Qin Deng(邓海芹), Wan-Ru Zhang(张万儒), Yong-Ping Dai(戴永平), Tao Wang(王涛), Qiang Yu(俞强), Can Li(李灿), Man Jiang(姜曼), Rong-Tao Su(粟荣涛), Jian Wu(吴坚), and Pu Zhou(周朴). Single-frequency linearly polarized Q-switched fiber laser based on Nb₂GeTe₄ saturable absorber[J]. 中国物理B, 2023, 32(7): 74203-074203.
[7]	H Ahmad, B Nizamani, M Z Samion, N Yusoff, and M F Ismail. Antimonene-based saturable absorber for a soliton mode-locked and Q-switched fiber laser in the 2 μm wavelength region[J]. 中国物理B, 2023, 32(6): 64205-064205.
[8]	Pei Zhang(张沛), Kaharudin Dimyati, Bilal Nizamani, Mustafa M. Najm, and S. W. Harun. Sequential generation of self-starting diverse operations in all-fiber laser based on thulium-doped fiber saturable absorber[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(6): 64204-064204.
[9]	F D Muhammad, S A S Husin, E K Ng, K Y Lau, C A C Abdullah, and M A Mahdi. Zinc-oxide/PDMS-clad tapered fiber saturable absorber for passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser[J]. 中国物理B, 2021, 30(5): 54204-054204.
[10]	周延, 张仁栗, 李夏, 关珮雯, 贺冬钰, 侯京山, 刘玉峰, 房永征, 廖梅松. CsPbBr₃ nanocrystal for mode-locking Tm-doped fiber laser[J]. 中国物理B, 2019, 28(9): 94203-094203.
[11]	Syarifah Aloyah Syed Husin, Farah Diana Muhammad, Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah, Siti Huzaimah Ribut, Mohd Zamani Zulkifli, Mohd Adzir Mahdi. Zinc-oxide nanoparticle-based saturable absorber deposited by simple evaporation technique for Q-switched fiber laser[J]. 中国物理B, 2019, 28(8): 84207-084207.
[12]	公爽, 田金荣, 郭于鹤洋, 董自凯, 许昌兴, 张文平, 宋晏蓉. Observation of self-Q-switching in bulk Yb: GdYSiO laser[J]. 中国物理B, 2018, 27(4): 44202-044202.
[13]	魏思航, 马奔, 陈泽升, 廖永平, 郝宏玥, 张宇, 倪海桥, 牛智川. Spectral dynamical behavior in two-section, quantum well, mode-locked laser at 1.064μm[J]. 中国物理B, 2017, 26(7): 74208-074208.
[14]	孟阔, 祝连庆, 骆飞. Observation of wavelength-switchable solitons in an all-polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber cavity based on graphene saturable absorber reflector[J]. 中国物理B, 2017, 26(1): 14205-014205.
[15]	彭英楠, 王兆华, 李德华, 朱江峰, 魏志义. A 12.1-W SESAM mode-locked Yb:YAG thin disk laser[J]. 中国物理B, 2016, 25(5): 54205-054205.