Entanglement and energy transportation in central-spin quantum battery

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad9a9d

中国物理B ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 20306-020306.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ad9a9d

Entanglement and energy transportation in central-spin quantum battery

Fan Liu(刘帆)¹, Hui-Yu Yang(杨慧宇)¹, Shuai-Li Wang(王帅立)¹, Jun-Zhong Wang(王俊钟)¹, Kun Zhang(张堃)^1,2,3,†, and Xiao-Hui Wang(王晓辉)^1,2,3,‡

1 School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China;
2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an 710127, China;
3 Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, China

收稿日期:2024-11-01 修回日期:2024-12-02 接受日期:2024-12-05 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-01-15
通讯作者: Kun Zhang, Xiao-Hui Wang E-mail:kunzhang@nwu.edu.cn;xhwang@nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 12275215, 12305028, and 12247103), the Major Basic Research Program of the Natural Science of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JCW-19), Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics (Grant No. 22JSZ005), and the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.

Entanglement and energy transportation in central-spin quantum battery

Fan Liu(刘帆)¹, Hui-Yu Yang(杨慧宇)¹, Shuai-Li Wang(王帅立)¹, Jun-Zhong Wang(王俊钟)¹, Kun Zhang(张堃)^1,2,3,†, and Xiao-Hui Wang(王晓辉)^1,2,3,‡

1 School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China;
2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an 710127, China;
3 Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, China

Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2024-12-02 Accepted:2024-12-05 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-01-15
Contact: Kun Zhang, Xiao-Hui Wang E-mail:kunzhang@nwu.edu.cn;xhwang@nwu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 12275215, 12305028, and 12247103), the Major Basic Research Program of the Natural Science of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JCW-19), Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics (Grant No. 22JSZ005), and the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Quantum battery exploits the principle of quantum mechanics to transport and store energy. We study the energy transportation of the central-spin quantum battery, which is composed of $N_{\rm b}$ spins serving as the battery cells, and surrounded by $N_{\rm c}$ spins serving as the charger cells. We apply the invariant subspace method to solve the dynamics of the central-spin battery with a large number of spins. We establish a universal inverse relationship between the battery capacity and the battery-charger entanglement, which persists in any size of the battery and charger cells. Moreover, we find that when $N_{\rm b}=N_{\rm c}$, the central-spin battery has the optimal energy transportation, corresponding to the minimal battery-charger entanglement. Surprisingly, the central-spin battery has a uniform energy transportation behaviors in certain battery-charger scales. Our results reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between the battery-charger size and the energy transportation efficiency, which may provide more insights on designing other types of quantum batteries.

关键词: central-spin quantum battery, energy transportation, entanglement

Abstract: Quantum battery exploits the principle of quantum mechanics to transport and store energy. We study the energy transportation of the central-spin quantum battery, which is composed of $N_{\rm b}$ spins serving as the battery cells, and surrounded by $N_{\rm c}$ spins serving as the charger cells. We apply the invariant subspace method to solve the dynamics of the central-spin battery with a large number of spins. We establish a universal inverse relationship between the battery capacity and the battery-charger entanglement, which persists in any size of the battery and charger cells. Moreover, we find that when $N_{\rm b}=N_{\rm c}$, the central-spin battery has the optimal energy transportation, corresponding to the minimal battery-charger entanglement. Surprisingly, the central-spin battery has a uniform energy transportation behaviors in certain battery-charger scales. Our results reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between the battery-charger size and the energy transportation efficiency, which may provide more insights on designing other types of quantum batteries.

Key words: central-spin quantum battery, energy transportation, entanglement

中图分类号: (Quantum mechanics)

03.65.-w

05.70.-a (Thermodynamics) 03.67.Bg (Entanglement production and manipulation)

Fan Liu(刘帆), Hui-Yu Yang(杨慧宇), Shuai-Li Wang(王帅立), Jun-Zhong Wang(王俊钟), Kun Zhang(张堃), and Xiao-Hui Wang(王晓辉). Entanglement and energy transportation in central-spin quantum battery[J]. 中国物理B, 2025, 34(2): 20306-020306.

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Entanglement and energy transportation in central-spin quantum battery

Entanglement and energy transportation in central-spin quantum battery

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