中国物理B ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 124202-124202.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ad8cbd

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Optical image watermarking based on orbital angular momentum holography

Jialong Zhu(朱家龙)1,2,†, Jiaying Ji(季佳滢)1, Le Wang(王乐)1, and Shengmei Zhao(赵生妹)1,3,‡   

  1. 1 Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;
    2 School of Information Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China;
    3 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-31 修回日期:2024-10-21 接受日期:2024-10-30 发布日期:2024-11-29
  • 通讯作者: Jialong Zhu, Shengmei Zhao E-mail:zjl@squ.edu.cn;zhaosm@njupt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62375140), the Natural Science Foundation of Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. S202108), the Open Research Fund of the National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (Grant No. M36055), and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. KYCX21-0745).

Optical image watermarking based on orbital angular momentum holography

Jialong Zhu(朱家龙)1,2,†, Jiaying Ji(季佳滢)1, Le Wang(王乐)1, and Shengmei Zhao(赵生妹)1,3,‡   

  1. 1 Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;
    2 School of Information Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China;
    3 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • Received:2024-08-31 Revised:2024-10-21 Accepted:2024-10-30 Published:2024-11-29
  • Contact: Jialong Zhu, Shengmei Zhao E-mail:zjl@squ.edu.cn;zhaosm@njupt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62375140), the Natural Science Foundation of Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. S202108), the Open Research Fund of the National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (Grant No. M36055), and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. KYCX21-0745).

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摘要： We propose an optical image watermarking scheme based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) holography. Multiple topological charges (TCs, $l$) of OAM, as multiple cryptographic sub-keys, are embedded into the host image along with the watermark information. Moreover, the Arnold transformation is employed to further enhance the security and the scrambling time ($m$) is also served as another cryptographic key. The watermark image is embedded into the host image by using the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods. Importantly, the interference image is utilized to further enhance security. The imperceptibility of our proposed method is analyzed by using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the histogram of the watermarked host image. To demonstrate robustness, a series of attack tests, including Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, salt-and-pepper noise, JPEG compression, Gaussian low-pass filtering, cropping, and rotation, are conducted. The experimental results show that our proposed method has advanced security, imperceptibility, and robustness, making it a promising option for optical image watermarking applications.

关键词: optical image watermarking, orbital angular momentum, holography, discrete wavelet transformation

Abstract: We propose an optical image watermarking scheme based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) holography. Multiple topological charges (TCs, $l$) of OAM, as multiple cryptographic sub-keys, are embedded into the host image along with the watermark information. Moreover, the Arnold transformation is employed to further enhance the security and the scrambling time ($m$) is also served as another cryptographic key. The watermark image is embedded into the host image by using the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods. Importantly, the interference image is utilized to further enhance security. The imperceptibility of our proposed method is analyzed by using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the histogram of the watermarked host image. To demonstrate robustness, a series of attack tests, including Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, salt-and-pepper noise, JPEG compression, Gaussian low-pass filtering, cropping, and rotation, are conducted. The experimental results show that our proposed method has advanced security, imperceptibility, and robustness, making it a promising option for optical image watermarking applications.

Key words: optical image watermarking, orbital angular momentum, holography, discrete wavelet transformation

中图分类号:  (Computer-generated holograms)

  • 42.40.Jv
42.30.-d (Imaging and optical processing)