Kármán vortex street in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with PT symmetry

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad2bf3

中国物理B ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 60501-060501.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ad2bf3

Kármán vortex street in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with PT symmetry

Kai-Hua Shao(邵凯花)¹, Bao-Long Xi(席保龙)¹, Zhong-Hong Xi(席忠红)^1,2, Pu Tu(涂朴)^1,3, Qing-Qing Wang(王青青)¹, Jin-Ping Ma(马金萍)¹, Xi Zhao(赵茜)¹, and Yu-Ren Shi(石玉仁)^1,†

1 College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2 College of Physics and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Normal College For Nationalities, Hezuo 747000, China;
3 College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China

收稿日期:2023-12-13 修回日期:2024-02-13 接受日期:2024-02-22 出版日期:2024-06-18 发布日期:2024-06-18
通讯作者: Yu-Ren Shi E-mail:shiyr@nwnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12065022 and 12147213).

Kármán vortex street in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with PT symmetry

1 College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2 College of Physics and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Normal College For Nationalities, Hezuo 747000, China;
3 College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China

Received:2023-12-13 Revised:2024-02-13 Accepted:2024-02-22 Online:2024-06-18 Published:2024-06-18
Contact: Yu-Ren Shi E-mail:shiyr@nwnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12065022 and 12147213).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： The dynamics of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with parity-time symmetry through a moving obstacle potential is simulated numerically. In the miscible two-component condensate, the formation of the Kármán vortex street is observed in one component, while 'the half-quantum vortex street' is observed in the other component. Other patterns of vortex shedding, such as oblique vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs, irregular turbulence, and combined modes of various wakes, can also be found. The ratio of inter-vortex spacing in one row to the distance between vortex rows is approximately $0.18$, which is less than the stability condition $0.28$ of classical fluid. The drag force acting on the obstacle potential is simulated. The parametric regions of Kármán vortex street and other vortex patterns are calculated. The range of Kármán vortex street is surrounded by the region of combined modes. In addition, spin-orbit coupling disrupts the symmetry of the system and the gain-loss affects the local particle distribution of the system, which leads to the local symmetry breaking of the system, and finally influences the stability of the Kármán vortex street. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol to realize the Kármán vortex street in a system.

关键词: Kármán vortex street, Bose-Einstein condensate, spin-orbit-coupled, parity-time symmetry

Abstract: The dynamics of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with parity-time symmetry through a moving obstacle potential is simulated numerically. In the miscible two-component condensate, the formation of the Kármán vortex street is observed in one component, while 'the half-quantum vortex street' is observed in the other component. Other patterns of vortex shedding, such as oblique vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs, irregular turbulence, and combined modes of various wakes, can also be found. The ratio of inter-vortex spacing in one row to the distance between vortex rows is approximately $0.18$, which is less than the stability condition $0.28$ of classical fluid. The drag force acting on the obstacle potential is simulated. The parametric regions of Kármán vortex street and other vortex patterns are calculated. The range of Kármán vortex street is surrounded by the region of combined modes. In addition, spin-orbit coupling disrupts the symmetry of the system and the gain-loss affects the local particle distribution of the system, which leads to the local symmetry breaking of the system, and finally influences the stability of the Kármán vortex street. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol to realize the Kármán vortex street in a system.

Key words: Kármán vortex street, Bose-Einstein condensate, spin-orbit-coupled, parity-time symmetry

中图分类号: (Boson systems)

05.30.Jp

03.75.Mn (Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates) 03.75.Kk (Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow) 11.30.Er (Charge conjugation, parity, time reversal, and other discrete symmetries)

Kai-Hua Shao(邵凯花), Bao-Long Xi(席保龙), Zhong-Hong Xi(席忠红), Pu Tu(涂朴), Qing-Qing Wang(王青青), Jin-Ping Ma(马金萍), Xi Zhao(赵茜), and Yu-Ren Shi(石玉仁). Kármán vortex street in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with PT symmetry[J]. 中国物理B, 2024, 33(6): 60501-060501.

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Kármán vortex street in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with PT symmetry

Kármán vortex street in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with PT symmetry

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