中国物理B ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 34212-034212.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/acaf2a

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Giant saturation absorption of tungsten trioxide film prepared based on the seedless layer hydrothermal method

Xiaoguang Ma(马晓光)1,2,3, Fangzhen Hu(胡芳珍)2,3, Xi Chen(陈希)2,3, Yimeng Wang(王艺盟)2,3, Xiaojian Hao(郝晓剑)1,†, Min Gu(顾敏)2,3,‡, and Qiming Zhang(张启明)2,3,§   

  1. 1 Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
    2 Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
    3 Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-07 修回日期:2022-12-14 接受日期:2022-12-30 出版日期:2023-02-14 发布日期:2023-03-01
  • 通讯作者: Xiaojian Hao, Min Gu, Qiming Zhang E-mail:haoxiaojian@nuc.edu.cn;gumin@usst.edu.cn;qimingzhang@usst.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    We would like to acknowledge the support from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 21DZ1100500), the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project, the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program (2021-2025 No. 20), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB2802000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61975123), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52075504), and Fund for Shanxi ‘1331Project’ Key Subject Construction and Shanxi Doctor Innovation Project (2019).

Giant saturation absorption of tungsten trioxide film prepared based on the seedless layer hydrothermal method

Xiaoguang Ma(马晓光)1,2,3, Fangzhen Hu(胡芳珍)2,3, Xi Chen(陈希)2,3, Yimeng Wang(王艺盟)2,3, Xiaojian Hao(郝晓剑)1,†, Min Gu(顾敏)2,3,‡, and Qiming Zhang(张启明)2,3,§   

  1. 1 Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
    2 Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
    3 Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  • Received:2022-09-07 Revised:2022-12-14 Accepted:2022-12-30 Online:2023-02-14 Published:2023-03-01
  • Contact: Xiaojian Hao, Min Gu, Qiming Zhang E-mail:haoxiaojian@nuc.edu.cn;gumin@usst.edu.cn;qimingzhang@usst.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    We would like to acknowledge the support from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 21DZ1100500), the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project, the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program (2021-2025 No. 20), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB2802000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61975123), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52075504), and Fund for Shanxi ‘1331Project’ Key Subject Construction and Shanxi Doctor Innovation Project (2019).

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摘要： Nonlinear materials have gained wide interest as saturable absorbers and pulse compression for pulsed laser applications due to their unique optical properties. This work investigates the third-order nonlinear phenomenon of tungsten trioxide (WO$_{3}$) thin films. The giant nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index of WO$_{3}$ thin films were characterized by $Z$-scan method at 800 nm. We experimentally observed the giant saturable absorption (SA) and nonlinear refractive index of WO$_{3}$ thin films prepared by the seedless layer hydrothermal method, with SA coefficient being as high as $-2.59\times 10 ^{5}$ cm$\cdot$GW$^{-1}$. The SA coefficient is at least one order of magnitude larger than those of the conventional semiconductors. The nonlinear refractive index $n_{2}$ of WO$_{3}$ film has been observed for the first time in recent studies and the corresponding coefficient can be up to 1.793 cm$^{2}\cdot$GW$^{-1}$. The large third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response enables WO$_{3}$ thin films to be promising candidates for optoelectronic and photonic applications in the near-infrared domain.

关键词: tungsten trioxide, Z-scan, saturable absorption

Abstract: Nonlinear materials have gained wide interest as saturable absorbers and pulse compression for pulsed laser applications due to their unique optical properties. This work investigates the third-order nonlinear phenomenon of tungsten trioxide (WO$_{3}$) thin films. The giant nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index of WO$_{3}$ thin films were characterized by $Z$-scan method at 800 nm. We experimentally observed the giant saturable absorption (SA) and nonlinear refractive index of WO$_{3}$ thin films prepared by the seedless layer hydrothermal method, with SA coefficient being as high as $-2.59\times 10 ^{5}$ cm$\cdot$GW$^{-1}$. The SA coefficient is at least one order of magnitude larger than those of the conventional semiconductors. The nonlinear refractive index $n_{2}$ of WO$_{3}$ film has been observed for the first time in recent studies and the corresponding coefficient can be up to 1.793 cm$^{2}\cdot$GW$^{-1}$. The large third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response enables WO$_{3}$ thin films to be promising candidates for optoelectronic and photonic applications in the near-infrared domain.

Key words: tungsten trioxide, Z-scan, saturable absorption

中图分类号:  (Nonlinear optics)

  • 42.65.-k
42.70.Nq (Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials)