Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ac398a

中国物理B ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 57401-057401.doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac398a

Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

Hou-Rong Zhou(周后荣)^1,2, Kun-Jie Cheng(程昆杰)^1,2, Jie Ren(任洁)^1,2,3,†, Li-Xing You(尤立星)^1,2,3,‡, Li-Liang Ying(应利良)^1,3, Xiao-Yan Yang(杨晓燕)^1,3, Hao Li(李浩)^1,3, and Zhen Wang(王镇)^1,3

1 State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
2 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Shanghai 200050, China

收稿日期:2021-09-08 修回日期:2021-11-11 发布日期:2022-04-09
通讯作者: Jie Ren,E-mail:jieren@mail.sim.ac.cn;Li-Xing You,E-mail:lxyou@mail.sim.ac.cn E-mail:jieren@mail.sim.ac.cn;lxyou@mail.sim.ac.cn
基金资助:
This work was also supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2017YFA0304000),the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA18000000),and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China (Grant No.18511110200).

Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

1 State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
2 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Shanghai 200050, China

Received:2021-09-08 Revised:2021-11-11 Published:2022-04-09
Contact: Jie Ren,E-mail:jieren@mail.sim.ac.cn;Li-Xing You,E-mail:lxyou@mail.sim.ac.cn E-mail:jieren@mail.sim.ac.cn;lxyou@mail.sim.ac.cn
About author:2021-11-15
Supported by:
This work was also supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2017YFA0304000),the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA18000000),and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China (Grant No.18511110200).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are typical switching devices capable of detecting single photons with almost 100% detection efficiency. However, they cannot determine the exact number of incident photons during a detection event. Multi-pixel SNSPDs employing multiple read-out channels can provide photon number resolvability (PNR), but they require increased cooling power and costly multi-channel electronic systems. In this work, a single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuit is employed, and PNR based on multi-pixel SNSPDs is successfully demonstrated. A multi-input magnetically coupled DC/SFQ converter (MMD2Q) circuit with a mutual inductance M is used to combine and record signals from a multi-pixel SNSPD device. The designed circuit is capable of discriminating the amplitude of the combined signals in accuracy of Φ₀/M with Φ₀ being a single magnetic flux quantum. By employing the MMD2Q circuit, the discrimination of up to 40 photons can be simulated. A 4-parallel-input MMD2Q circuit is fabricated, and a PNR of 3 is successfully demonstrated for an SNSPD array with one channel reserved for the functional verification. The results confirm that an MMD2Q circuit is an effective tool for implementing PNR with multi-pixel SNSPDs.

关键词: superconducting nanowire, single-flux quantum circuit, photon number resolution

Abstract: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are typical switching devices capable of detecting single photons with almost 100% detection efficiency. However, they cannot determine the exact number of incident photons during a detection event. Multi-pixel SNSPDs employing multiple read-out channels can provide photon number resolvability (PNR), but they require increased cooling power and costly multi-channel electronic systems. In this work, a single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuit is employed, and PNR based on multi-pixel SNSPDs is successfully demonstrated. A multi-input magnetically coupled DC/SFQ converter (MMD2Q) circuit with a mutual inductance M is used to combine and record signals from a multi-pixel SNSPD device. The designed circuit is capable of discriminating the amplitude of the combined signals in accuracy of Φ₀/M with Φ₀ being a single magnetic flux quantum. By employing the MMD2Q circuit, the discrimination of up to 40 photons can be simulated. A 4-parallel-input MMD2Q circuit is fabricated, and a PNR of 3 is successfully demonstrated for an SNSPD array with one channel reserved for the functional verification. The results confirm that an MMD2Q circuit is an effective tool for implementing PNR with multi-pixel SNSPDs.

Key words: superconducting nanowire, single-flux quantum circuit, photon number resolution

中图分类号: (Thermoelectric effects)

74.25.fg

74.25.Gz (Optical properties) 85.25.Cp (Josephson devices)

Hou-Rong Zhou(周后荣), Kun-Jie Cheng(程昆杰), Jie Ren(任洁), Li-Xing You(尤立星),Li-Liang Ying(应利良), Xiao-Yan Yang(杨晓燕), Hao Li(李浩), and Zhen Wang(王镇). Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit[J]. 中国物理B, 2022, 31(5): 57401-057401.

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Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

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