Interaction of optical solitons under the synergistic effect of dispersion and various orders of nonlinearity

Studying the influence of various orders of dispersion and nonlinear effects on optical soliton interactions holds crucial theoretical value for optimizing the transmission capacity of optical communication systems, enhancing signal transmission stability, and designing ultrafast photonic devices. However, most studies only consider a single order of dispersion or a specific type of nonlinearity, and research on the coupled effects of multiple factors, such as various orders of dispersion and different types of nonlinearities, is still insufficient, lacking a unified theoretical framework. This paper aims to explore the influence of different orders of dispersion and nonlinear mechanisms on the interaction characteristics of optical solitons. By introducing the bilinear transformation, an analytical two-soliton solution describing the physical process is successfully constructed. The research results reveal that an accurate balance between second-order dispersion and nonlinearity is the core prerequisite for maintaining pulse stability and avoiding morphological degradation. On this basis, third-order dispersion and nonlinear behavior can destroy the symmetrical characteristics of the pulse and excite excess ripples and tails, so suppressing them to near zero is crucial for ensuring transmission quality. Furthermore, although first-order dispersion only changes the timing of optical solitons when acting alone, its dynamic intervention cannot be ignored due to interference from frequency evolution induced by higher-order nonlinearity. When the first-order dispersion effect tends to zero, optimal distortion-free long-distance transmission can be achieved.