Experimental progress on two-dimensional multiferroics

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials, characterized by the coexistence of multiple ferroic orders at atomic thicknesses governed by interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions, have garnered significant attention due to their exotic physical properties and potential for next-generation information storage, logic, and magnetoelectric spintronic applications, particularly in high-density memory and ultralow-power information processing. This review revisits the fundamental concepts of multiferroicity from symmetry and thermodynamic perspectives, classifies the dominant mechanisms responsible for generating multiferroics and their 2D extensions, and discusses specific material systems ranging from intrinsic to engineered multiferroics. The primary objective of this review is to provide a clear roadmap of the current landscape and offer perspectives on key challenges and opportunities in this rapidly developing field.