One-bright-two-dark ring solitons of partially directional nonlocal three-component nonlinear Schrödinger model

This research systematically investigates a three-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger model with three components featuring partially directionally nonlocal nonlinearities in the presence of harmonic and linear potentials, with applications to nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). To construct optical soliton solutions, we introduce a mapping procedure that establishes a correspondence between the nonautonomous and autonomous models. By rigorously applying the bilinearization technique, we derive analytical solutions for three-component solitons, including one-bright-two-dark ring-shaped single solitons and bi-solitons. We comprehensively analyze their spatiotemporal evolution and partially nonlocal characteristics, with particular emphasis on the formation mechanisms of multilayer and multihump structures governed by the Hermite-polynomial parameter.