Simulation study on the impact of microwave pulses on performance of ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers

This study is conducted to establish a reliable simulation model for investigating the impact of microwave pulses on the performance of an ensemble nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center system, thereby providing a basis for optimizing microwave parameters and enhancing quantum sensing performance. The simulation of ensemble NV centers is realized through the design of ``Single NV Center Module'' + ``Ensemble Control Module''. Verified by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), Ramsey, and Hahn echo experiments, the program can accurately reproduce the core characteristics of the experiments, confirming the reliability of the model. Using this model to study the influence of microwave spatial inhomogeneity on system performance, it was found that when \theta (the range of microwave axial distribution) is 90^\circ, the sensitivity of the Hahn echo decreases by 3.6 times, and when the amplitude gradient is 50 μT/mm, the sensitivity decreases by 1.8 times, providing quantitative support for optimizing microwave parameters.