Vector-total field magnetometry and calibration using NV center ensembles

Given the limitations in payload capacity and power availability on spacecraft, magnetometers capable of measuring both the vector and total magnetic fields are especially valuable for their compact and versatile design. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles offer precise vector magnetic field measurement capabilities, making them promising candidates for spaceborne magnetic sensing technologies. Here, we develop a technique to validate the vector–total field measurement accuracy performed by NV center ensembles. The validation procedure employs a turntable to simultaneously calibrate the bias magnetic field and quantify the uncertainty associated with total magnetic field measurements. Validation tests conducted in a geomagnetic field environment reveal a measured standard deviation of 0.1 μT, which is 0.2% relative to the geomagnetic field. With further refinement, the accuracy of total magnetic field measurements may improve to better than 0.01%. These results provide a valuable reference for the further development of vector–total field magnetometers and hold potential for applications in spacecraft.