Positive and negative electrocaloric effects

Electrocaloric effect has attracted considerable attention for providing an eco-friendly and energy-efficient alternative to traditional vapor-compression refrigerators. In this review, we introduce theoretical explanations of positive and negative electrocaloric effects along with their measurements. In particular, we review recent advancements in prototypes of electrocaloric refrigeration and present their current advantages and shortcomings. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of the electrocaloric effect such as clothing and metamaterials to provide insights into future research.