Pedestrian collision and future work in the restricted indoor space: A state-of-the-art review on influencing factors, behaviors, and methods

Emergency evacuation involves rapid transfer of individuals from hazardous areas, where limited time and space can lead to collisions. Although the collision behavior of evacuees has been studied previously, there is a lack of systematic summaries. This study used the CiteSpace visualization software to analyze keywords in the evacuation collision literature. Based on the frequency of keyword occurrence, we determined the research trend; classified the keywords; and analyzed and summarized their influencing factors, behavioral characteristics, and research methods. Clearly, the evacuation environment and emergency guidance directly affect individual behavior and emotions, mainly affecting gait adjustment and decision-making processes, which in turn determine evacuation efficiency and collision risk. In the future, emphasis should be placed on post-collision psychological activities, coping strategies, and the application of virtual and mixed reality technologies to observe the interaction between individuals and the environment and to strengthen evacuation research.