Ion track-based nanowire arrays with gradient and programmable diameters towards rational light management

Integrating nanowires with nonuniform diameter and random spatial distribution into an array can afford unconventional and additional means for modulating optical response. However, experimental realization of such a nanowire array is quite challenging. In this work, we propose a new fabrication strategy which takes advantage of ion track technology, via sequential swift heavy ion irradiation and ion track etching. Based on this strategy, we unprecedentedly realize nanowire arrays, using gold as an example, with gradient and programmable diameters in a controlled manner. We further demonstrate that such nanowire arrays can support broadband, tunable, and enhanced plasmonic responses. We believe that our new type of nanowire arrays will find great potential in applications such as light management and optoelectronic devices.