Magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni–Mn–Ga alloys near Martensitic transformation

This paper studies the magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni–Mn–Ga alloys in detail during heating and cooling isothermal magnetisation processes. The Ni–Mn–Ga alloys show larger magnetic hysteresis when they transform from austenite to martensite, but smaller magnetic hysteresis when they transform from martensite to austenite. This behaviour is independent of either the pure Ni–Mn–Ga alloys or the alloys doped with other elements. Because of the existence of the magnetic hysteresis, the relation between the magnetic entropy change and refrigeration capacity is not simply linear. For practical consideration, magnetocaloric effect of Ni–Mn–Ga alloys should be investigated both on cooling and heating processes.