Floquet Modulation for Measuring Probe-Induced Shifts in Optical Lattice Clocks

We investigate Floquet modulation for measuring the probe-induced AC Stark shift coefficient in optical lattice clocks. Periodic frequency modulation allows a high probe intensity to enlarge the measured frequency difference between the settings at low and high probe power while Bessel function dressing maintains a narrow excitation spectrum. This combination improves sensitivity to the coefficient without sacrificing frequency discrimination. We identify modulation conditions that suppress additional frequency shifts while avoiding strong motional resonances. At the same probe intensities and total measurement time, numerical simulations including preparation time show a lower coefficient uncertainty than conventional Rabi inter-rogation with a single 𝜋 pulse. At high probe intensities, the Floquet coefficient uncertainty approaches a plateau dominated by Rabi frequency calibration.