One-bright-two-dark ring solitons of partially directional nonlocal three-component nonlinear Schrödinger model

This research systematically investigates a three-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger model with three components featuring partially directionally nonlocal nonlinearities in the presence of harmonic and linear potentials, with applications to nonlinear optics and Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). To construct optical soliton solutions, we introduce a mapping procedure that establishes a correspondence between the nonautonomous and autonomous models. By rigorously applying the bilinearization technique, we derive analytical solutions for three-component solitons, including one-bright-two-dark ring-shaped single solitons and bi-solitons. We comprehensively analyze their spatiotemporal evolution and partially nonlocal characteristics, with particular emphasis on the formation mechanisms of multilayer and multihump structures governed by the Hermite-polynomial parameter.