Multifunctional light-field modulation based on hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces

The generation characteristics of nonlinear optical signals and their multi-dimensional modulation at micro-nano scale have become a prominent research area in nanophotonics, and also the key to developing various novel nonlinear photonics devices. In recent years, the demand for higher nonlinear conversion efficiency and device integration has led to the rapid progress of hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces composed of nanostructures and nonlinear materials. As a joint platform of stable wavefront modulation, nonlinear metasurface and efficient frequency conversion, hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces offer a splendid opportunity for developing the next-generation of multipurpose flat-optics devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in hybrid nonlinear metasurfaces for light-field modulation. The advantages of hybrid systems are discussed from the perspectives of multifunctional light-field modulation, valleytronic modulation, and quantum technologies. Finally, the remaining challenges of hybrid metasurfaces are summarized and future developments are also prospected.