Characteristic mode analysis of wideband high-gain and low-profile metasurface antenna

A wideband high-gain and low-profile metasurface antenna is proposed by analyzing characteristic quantities and parameters in the characteristic modes (CMs). The detailed modal current and modal weighting coefficient are analyzed to explain the broadband operation and high gain. A dominant characteristic mode is well excited, leading to a broadband operation. The mode behaviors of the excitation are changed to suppress the unwanted higher-order modes and improve the radiation performance by changing the widths of two patches. The measured impedance bandwidth for -10 dB is 39.8% (5.3 GHz-7.94 GHz) with a gain of 7.8 dBi-10.04 dBi over the operating bandwidth.