Photoelectron longitudinal momentum distributions containing nondipole effects

This paper proposes a modified strong field approximation model for evaluating nondipole effects on the ionization of an atom in an intense laser field. The photoelectron longitudinal momentum distributions (PLMD) of a hydrogen-like atom exposed to a mid-infrared laser field is calculated. The theoretical results indicate an obvious asymmetry in the PLMD, and an offset of the PLMD peak appears in the opposite direction of the beam propagation due to nondipole effects. The peak offsets of the PLMD increased with the laser intensity, imposed by the initial state of the hydrogen-like atom.